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Updated: Nov 6, 2025
A Syngeneic Mouse Model of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma for Quantitative and Longitudinal Assessment of Preclinical Therapies
Published on: April 12, 2017
Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Management: From Molecular Mechanism to Clinical Practice
Michela Roberto1,2, Andrea Botticelli1,3, Martina Panebianco1,4
1Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Abstract:
The therapeutic sc"enario of metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC) has noticeably increased, ranging from the most studied molecular target therapies to those most recently introduced, up to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The most recent clinical trials with an ICI-based combination of molecular targeted agents and ICI show how, by restoring an efficient immune response against cancer cells and by establishing an immunological memory, it is possible to obtain not only a better radiological response but also a longer progression-free and overall survival. However, the role of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) remains of fundamental importance, especially in patients who, for clinical characteristics, tumor burden and comorbidity, could have greater benefit from the use of TKIs in monotherapy rather than in combination with other therapies. However, to use these novel options in the best possible way, knowledge is required not only of the data from the large clinical trials but also of the biological mechanisms, molecular pathways, immunological mechanisms, and methodological issues related to both new response criteria and endpoints. In this complex scenario, we review the latest results of the latest clinical trials and provide guidance for overcoming the barriers to decision-making to offer a practical approach to the management of mRCC in daily clinical practice. Moreover, based on recent literature, we discuss the most innovative combination strategies that would allow us to achieve the best clinical therapeutic results.
Insights
New treatments for metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC) combine targeted therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for improved survival. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) remain crucial for select patients, necessitating a deep understanding of mechanisms for optimal mRCC management.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunotherapy
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
Background:
- The therapeutic landscape for metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC) has evolved significantly with the introduction of molecular targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).
- Recent clinical trials demonstrate that combining ICIs with molecular targeted agents can enhance immune responses, leading to improved radiological responses and longer survival outcomes.
- Despite advancements, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) retain a fundamental role, particularly for patients with specific clinical characteristics, tumor burden, or comorbidities who may benefit more from monotherapy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the latest clinical trial results in mRCC management.
- To provide guidance on overcoming decision-making barriers for practical clinical application.
- To discuss innovative combination strategies for optimizing therapeutic outcomes in mRCC.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent clinical trial data and relevant literature.
- Analysis of biological mechanisms, molecular pathways, and immunological aspects of mRCC treatment.
- Evaluation of methodological issues concerning new response criteria and endpoints.
Main Results:
- ICI-based combinations show promise in restoring anti-cancer immune responses and establishing immunological memory.
- TKIs remain essential for specific patient subgroups, offering a valuable monotherapy option.
- Understanding complex biological and methodological factors is key to effectively utilizing novel mRCC therapies.
Conclusions:
- The optimal management of mRCC requires a comprehensive understanding of both clinical trial data and underlying biological mechanisms.
- Strategic application of TKIs and novel combination therapies, including ICIs, is crucial for maximizing patient benefit.
- Further research into innovative treatment strategies and response assessment is needed to refine mRCC care.
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