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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
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Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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Interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and human long non-coding RNAs.

Maryam Moazzam-Jazi1, Hossein Lanjanian1, Samaneh Maleknia2

  • 1Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
|May 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key in host antiviral responses. This study reveals specific lncRNAs involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection, offering potential for new diagnostics and therapeutics.

Keywords:
COVID-19Cis regulationSARS-CoV-2 genomelong non-coding RNAtrans regulation

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial regulators of cellular processes, including immune responses.
  • The specific role and patterns of lncRNAs during SARS-CoV-2 infection remain largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the lncRNA transcriptome landscape in COVID-19 patients.
  • To identify key lncRNAs involved in the host response to SARS-CoV-2.
  • To explore the potential of lncRNAs in therapeutic strategies and vaccine efficacy assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of publicly available RNA sequencing data from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of COVID-19 patients and healthy controls.
  • Identification and characterization of lncRNA-host gene interactions.
  • Assessment of lncRNA binding affinity to the SARS-CoV-2 genome.

Main Results:

  • Three lncRNAs (HOTAIRM1, PVT1, AL392172.1) significantly interact with protein-coding genes in BALF samples and show high affinity for the SARS-CoV-2 genome.
  • MALAT1 and NEAT1 lncRNAs are implicated in SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammation.
  • The 5' region of the SARS-CoV-2 genome interacts with numerous human lncRNAs, suggesting no off-target effects for mRNA vaccines.

Conclusions:

  • Specific lncRNAs play major regulatory roles in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • lncRNAs hold promise for developing novel non-coding RNA-based therapeutics and for monitoring vaccine effectiveness.
  • Understanding lncRNA-genome interactions can inform vaccine safety assessments.