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Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) are essential methods in respiratory care. These ventilation techniques offer unique benefits for patients with various respiratory conditions, providing adequate support without requiring intubation. Let's explore how each method is crucial in improving patient outcomes and enhancing respiratory therapy.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 6, 2025

Development of a Benchtop Model for Evaluating the Compatibility of Wound Dressing Materials with Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Systems
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Alternating pressure (active) air surfaces for preventing pressure ulcers.

Chunhu Shi1, Jo C Dumville1, Nicky Cullum1

  • 1Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.

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Alternating pressure (active) air surfaces may reduce pressure ulcer incidence compared to foam surfaces, but evidence is uncertain for other surfaces. These surfaces are likely more cost-effective than foam options.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Technology
  • Clinical Effectiveness
  • Healthcare Economics

Background:

  • Pressure ulcers are localized skin injuries caused by unrelieved pressure, shear, or friction.
  • Alternating pressure (active) air surfaces are commonly used for pressure ulcer prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of alternating pressure (active) air surfaces in preventing pressure ulcers compared to other support surfaces.
  • To assess secondary outcomes such as patient comfort, adverse events, and cost-effectiveness.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of 32 randomized controlled trials (9058 participants).
  • Included studies compared alternating pressure (active) air surfaces with various other support surfaces.
  • Data extraction, risk of bias, and certainty of evidence assessments were performed.

Main Results:

  • Alternating pressure (active) air surfaces may reduce pressure ulcer incidence compared to foam surfaces (low-certainty evidence).
  • Evidence is uncertain when compared to reactive water, fiber, or air surfaces.
  • These surfaces are probably more cost-effective than foam surfaces.

Conclusions:

  • Alternating pressure (active) air surfaces show potential in reducing pressure ulcer incidence against foam and certain operating table surfaces.
  • Uncertainty remains for comparisons with other surfaces, necessitating cautious interpretation.
  • Future research should focus on time-to-event outcomes and cost-effectiveness.