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Related Concept Videos

Papillary Dermis01:11

Papillary Dermis

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Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen...
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Reticular Dermis01:15

Reticular Dermis

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The papillary and reticular dermis are the two layers of the dermis. They are made of connective tissue with fibers of collagen extending from one to the other, making the border between the two somewhat indistinct. The dermal papillae extending into the epidermis belong to the papillary layer, whereas the dense collagen fiber bundles below belong to the reticular layer.
Reticular Layer
Underlying the papillary layer is the much thicker reticular layer, composed of dense, irregular connective...
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Cells of the Epidermis01:24

Cells of the Epidermis

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The epidermis is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. From deep to superficial, these layers are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
The cells in all these layers except the stratum basale are called keratinocytes, a type of cell that manufactures and stores the protein keratin. The keratinocytes in the stratum corneum are dead and regularly slough away, being replaced by cells from...
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Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells01:12

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells

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The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular...
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Layers of the Epidermis01:21

Layers of the Epidermis

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The epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin, is composed of several distinct layers. From deep to superficial, the layers of the epidermis are as follows:
Stratum Basale
Stratum basale, also known as the stratum germinativum, is the deepest layer of the epidermis. It is composed of a single layer of actively dividing cells called basal cells or basal keratinocytes. These cells constantly undergo cell division to replenish the upper layers of the epidermis. Additionally, melanocytes, which...
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Hypodermis01:02

Hypodermis

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The hypodermis (the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia) is present directly below the dermis. It connects the skin to the underlying fascia (fibrous tissue) of the bones and muscles. It is not strictly a part of the skin, although the border between the hypodermis and dermis can be difficult to distinguish. The hypodermis consists of well-vascularized, loose, areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue, which functions as a mode of fat storage and provides insulation and cushioning for...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 6, 2025

The Three-Dimensional Human Skin Reconstruct Model: a Tool to Study Normal Skin and Melanoma Progression
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The Three-Dimensional Human Skin Reconstruct Model: a Tool to Study Normal Skin and Melanoma Progression

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A new player in the dermis.

Gyohei Egawa1, Kenji Kabashima1,2

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.

Elife
|May 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dermal Langerhans-like cells migrate to lymph nodes, influencing immune responses. This research highlights their crucial role in modulating the body's defense mechanisms.

Keywords:
Langerhans cellcell migrationdendritic celldermisimmunologyinflammationlymph nodemouseskin

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Dermatology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Langerhans cells are key antigen-presenting cells in the skin.
  • Their migratory capacity and function in lymph nodes are critical for immune surveillance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the migratory pathways of dermal Langerhans-like cells.
  • To understand how these cells modulate immune responses within lymph nodes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized advanced imaging techniques to track cell migration.
  • Performed immunological assays to analyze immune cell interactions.

Main Results:

  • Confirmed that Langerhans-like cells migrate from the dermis to regional lymph nodes.
  • Observed that these cells actively modulate T-cell activation and cytokine production.

Conclusions:

  • Dermal Langerhans-like cells play a significant role in initiating and shaping adaptive immune responses.
  • Understanding this migration is vital for developing immunotherapies and vaccines.