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The development and initial validation of the White Fragility Scale.

Kimberly J Langrehr1, Laurel B Watson1, Alexa Keramidas1

  • 1The Division of Counseling and Counseling Psychology, University of Missouri-Kansas City.

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|May 10, 2021
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Summary

The White Fragility Scale (WFS) was developed to measure White fragility, a state where racial stress causes discomfort. The WFS demonstrates good psychometric properties and validity in assessing these reactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Sociology
  • Racial Studies

Background:

  • White fragility is a recently recognized phenomenon where White individuals exhibit distress when confronted with racial issues.
  • Existing literature highlights the need for empirical measures to understand and address White fragility.
  • The concept, as defined by DiAngelo (2018), describes emotional and behavioral responses to racial stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a new scale measuring White fragility.
  • To establish the validity and reliability of the White Fragility Scale (WFS).
  • To provide a tool for researchers and professionals to assess racial stamina.

Main Methods:

  • Development and validation of the 21-item White Fragility Scale (WFS).
  • Data collection from two independent samples (M-Turk and Midwest University Psychpool).
  • Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, concurrent and divergent validity assessments.

Main Results:

  • The WFS demonstrated a bifactor model with a general White fragility factor and specific factors (Emotional Defensiveness, Accommodation of Safety, Exceptionism).
  • The scale functions as a unidimensional measure of White fragility, with the Accommodation of Safety subscale showing particular utility.
  • Concurrent validity was supported by associations with modern racism and colorblind racial attitudes; divergent validity was supported by low correlations with social desirability.

Conclusions:

  • The White Fragility Scale (WFS) is a psychometrically sound instrument for measuring White fragility.
  • The WFS can be used as a unidimensional scale or with its subscales for nuanced analysis.
  • Findings have implications for research on racial attitudes and for professionals working to enhance racial stamina.