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Socioeconomic Factors and Adherence to CPAP: The Population-Based Course of Disease in Patients Reported to the
Andreas Palm1, Ludger Grote2, Jenny Theorell-Haglöw3
1Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Centre for Research and Development, Uppsala University, Region of Gävleborg, Gävle Hospital, Gävle, Sweden.
Background:
Early identification of poor adherence to CPAP treatment is of major clinical importance to optimize treatment outcomes in patients with OSA.
Research Question:
How do socioeconomic factors influence CPAP adherence?
Study Design And Methods:
Nationwide, population-based cohort study of patients with OSA receiving CPAP treatment reported to the Swedish quality registry Swedevox between 2010 and 2018 was cross-linked with individual socioeconomic data from Statistics Sweden. Socioeconomic factors associated with CPAP adherence were identified using a multivariate linear regression model, adjusted for age and sex.
Results:
In total, 20,521 patients were included: 70.7% men; mean age ± SD, 57.8 ± 12.2 years; BMI, 32.0 ± 6.1 kg/m2; apnea-hypopnea index, 36.9 ± 22.1; Epworth Sleepiness Scale, 10.4 ± 5.0; and median nocturnal CPAP use, 355 min (interquartile range, 240-420 min). Adherence after 1.3 ± 0.8 years of CPAP use was significantly (all P < .001) associated with civil status (married vs unmarried: +20.5 min/night), education level (high, ≥ 13 years vs low, ≤ 9 years: +13.2 min/night), total household income (highest/third/second vs lowest quartile: +15.9 min/night, +10.4 min/night, and +6.1 min/night, respectively), and country of birth (born in Sweden with one native parent/born in Sweden with two native parents vs being born abroad: +29.0 min/night and +29.3 min/night, respectively).
Interpretation:
Civil status, educational level, household income, and foreign background predict CPAP adherence in a clinically significant manner and should be considered when treating OSA with CPAP.
