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Related Concept Videos

Personal Protective Equipment01:20

Personal Protective Equipment

2.0K
Personal protective equipment (PPE) is unique clothing or equipment worn by an employee to minimize or prevent exposure to infectious agents. PPE creates a barrier between the employee and the infectious materials. PPE must be readily available in the patient care area. PPE includes gloves, gowns and aprons, masks and respirators, goggles, face shields, shoes, and headcovers:
2.0K
PPE Use in Healthcare Settings II: Doffing01:10

PPE Use in Healthcare Settings II: Doffing

1.3K
The sequence of removing or doffing PPE starts with the gloves, as they are the most contaminated. Next is removal of the face shield or goggles, as they would interfere with removing other PPE. Then remove the gown, followed by the mask or respirator. Perform hand hygiene between steps if hands become contaminated and immediately after removing all PPE. Generally, the outside front and sleeves of the isolation gown, the goggles or the mask, the respirator, and the face shield are contaminated.
1.3K
PPE Use in Healthcare Settings I: Donning01:22

PPE Use in Healthcare Settings I: Donning

1.4K
Donning PPE must be completed before contact with the patient. This process protects from infectious agents. The sequence and action included in each donning are critical, and the steps must be systematic to avoid exposure to pathogens. The institutional policy also needs to be followed while donning PPE. The pre-donning preparations are gathering equipment, inspecting the PPE equipment for tears, holes, or damage, removing jewelry, removing any garments below the elbows, and tying the hair...
1.4K
Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

1.6K
Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
1.6K
Oxygen Delivering System III: Tracheostomy and T-piece01:23

Oxygen Delivering System III: Tracheostomy and T-piece

3.2K
Oxygen delivery is critical in clinical care, especially for patients with respiratory disorders or those undergoing surgical procedures. Various systems, such as tracheostomy and the T-piece, deliver oxygen to the lungs, ensuring adequate arterial oxygenation.
Tracheostomy
A tracheostomy is a surgically created opening (stoma) in the anterior part of the trachea. It is used to establish a patient airway, bypass an upper airway obstruction, simplify the removal of secretions, permit long-term...
3.2K
Filtration00:53

Filtration

1.5K
Filtration is a physical separation process that involves passing a suspension through a porous medium to separate solids from fluids. During filtration, solids collect on the porous medium while liquids, also collectively known as the filtrate, pass through. The filtration medium is selected based on the filtration purpose, quantity, and nature of the precipitate. The general criteria for a suitable filtering medium are that it is inert, mechanically strong, nonabsorbent toward dissolved...
1.5K

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Updated: Nov 6, 2025

Hollow Fiber Bioreactors for In Vivo-like Mammalian Tissue Culture
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Hollow Fiber Bioreactors for In Vivo-like Mammalian Tissue Culture

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16.6K

A simple HEPA filtering facepiece.

Phillip W Clapp1, Conor A Ruzycki2, James M Samet3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC.

American Journal of Infection Control
|May 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Efficient filtering facepiece respirators are scarce, increasing disease transmission risk. This study shows a simple, accessible method to create high-filtration respirators that block over 95% of small aerosol particles.

Keywords:
AerosolsAirborne particulate matterCOVID-19, maskCommunicable disease transmissionN95 respiratorPersonal protective equipment

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Public Health
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Shortages of effective filtering facepiece respirators pose a significant public health risk.
  • Transmission of infectious diseases via small particle aerosols is a major concern.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a simple method for producing high-filtration-efficiency facepiece respirators.
  • To address the vulnerability caused by the lack of efficient respiratory protection.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a facepiece respirator using readily available materials.
  • Testing filtration efficiency for particles of 0.05μm.

Main Results:

  • The developed facepiece demonstrated filtration efficiency exceeding 95% for 0.05μm particles.
  • The respirator maintained high filtration while being worn.

Conclusions:

  • A simple, accessible method exists for producing effective respiratory protection.
  • This approach can mitigate public health risks associated with infectious disease transmission through aerosols.