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Related Concept Videos

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
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Gustation, or the sense of taste, is intrinsically linked to the anatomical structures located on the tongue. This organ's surface, along with the entirety of the oral cavity, is adorned with stratified squamous epithelium. Evident on the tongue are elevated structures known as papillae (singular = papilla), which house the mechanisms for the transduction of gustatory stimuli. Four distinct types of papillae exist, each identified by their unique morphological attributes: the circumvallate,...
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Comparing Quality of Life in Smell and Taste Disorders With Other Chronic Conditions-A Narrative Review.

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The Need to Promote Olfactory Health in Public Health Agendas Across the Globe.

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The clinical effectiveness of clarithromycin versus endoscopic sinus surgery for adults with chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps (MACRO): a pragmatic, multicentre, three-arm, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 4 trial.

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Author Spotlight: Assessing the Olfactory Effects of Airborne Pollutants — Buried Food and Social Odor Tests
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Patient Experiences of Postinfectious Olfactory Dysfunction.

Carl M Philpott1,2,3, James Boardman3, Duncan Boak3

  • 1The Norfolk Smell & Taste Clinic, The Norfolk & Waveney ENT Service, Norwich, United Kingdom.

ORL; Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Its Related Specialties
|May 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Patients with postinfectious olfactory dysfunction (PIOD) often receive no treatment or ineffective therapies. This highlights an unmet need for improved treatment modalities and adherence to clinical guidelines for smell disorders.

Keywords:
AnosmiaOlfactory dysfunctionParosmiaPost-viral olfactory lossPostinfectious olfactory dysfunctionTherapeutics

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Neurology
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Postinfectious olfactory dysfunction (PIOD) significantly impacts patients' quality of life.
  • There is a recognized need for novel therapeutic strategies to address PIOD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the treatment experiences of patients diagnosed with PIOD.
  • To identify gaps in current treatment approaches for PIOD.

Main Methods:

  • An online survey was distributed to members of Fifth Sense, a UK charity for smell and taste disorders.
  • 149 individuals responded, with 127 self-reporting PIOD.

Main Results:

  • 63% of PIOD cases had a duration of less than 5 years.
  • Only 28% received oral/intranasal steroids, often without benefit; 50% received no treatment.
  • Over two-thirds experienced parosmia and actively sought solutions up to 5 years post-onset.

Conclusions:

  • A significant unmet need exists for effective PIOD treatments.
  • Greater adherence to clinical guidelines for olfactory disorders among practitioners is recommended.
  • Development of enhanced treatment modalities for PIOD is crucial.