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Traumatic Memory

Traumatic Memory

Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual...

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that arises following exposure to traumatic events such as natural disasters, forced displacement, or severe accidents. It significantly impairs individuals' ability to cope with daily activities and disrupts their emotional and psychological equilibrium.
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A spectrum of distressing symptoms characterizes PTSD. Recurrent flashbacks, where individuals involuntarily relive traumatic events,...

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Defining major trauma: a Delphi study.

Lee Thompson^1,2, Michael Hill³, Fiona Lecky^4,5,6,7

¹North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Ambulance HQ, Bernicia House, Goldcrest Way, Newburn Riverside, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE15 8NY, England. lee.thompson@neas.nhs.uk.

Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine

|May 11, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Major trauma is defined as significant, potentially life-threatening injuries from high or low energy mechanisms, especially in vulnerable individuals. This Delphi study established expert consensus on defining major trauma beyond retrospective scores.

Keywords:

Delphi Major trauma Prehospital

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Area of Science:

Trauma care
Emergency medicine
Injury severity assessment

Background:

Retrospective trauma scores lack utility in prehospital settings.
Existing scores do not adequately define major trauma for non-specialists.
A consensus-based definition for major trauma is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

To establish a consensus definition of major trauma.
To identify key variables for defining major trauma.
To gauge expert agreement using a Delphi process.

Main Methods:

A modified two-round Delphi technique with 55 invited experts.
Questionnaire responses analyzed using descriptive statistics and Kruskal-Wallis tests.
Hierarchical cluster analysis and grounded theory for qualitative analysis.

Main Results:

Consensus (>70%) achieved on defining life/limb-threatening injuries, deranged physiology, and intensive care needs.
Extremes of age identified as a vulnerability factor.
Retrospective scoring acknowledged but not solely definitive for major trauma.

Conclusions:

Major trauma definition: Significant, potentially life-threatening or life-changing injuries.
Includes high or low energy mechanisms, particularly in the very young or old.
This Delphi study provides a framework for major trauma definition.