Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 6, 2025
Engineered Vascularized Muscle Flap
Published on: January 11, 2016
The chimeric medial sural artery perforator flap as the ideal for partial tongue reconstruction: A case series and
Adrian S H Ooi1, Marcus J M Ng2, Siti Radhziah Binte Sudirman3
1Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; SingHealth Duke-NUS Head and Neck Center, SingHealth, Singapore; Polaris Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Singapore.
Background:
The medial sural artery perforator free flap (MSAP) has gained increasing popularity in head and neck reconstruction. Its slightly bulkier nature than the radial forearm flap, combined with negligible donor site morbidity, makes it an ideal candidate for the reconstruction of partial glossectomy defects. The ability to harvest the MSAP as a chimeric flap with a portion of the medial gastrocnemius muscle gives it greater flexibility in soft tissue reconstruction.
Methods:
A retrospective study of patients with partial glossectomy defects reconstructed using the MSAP by a single surgeon was performed. Perioperative data, donor and recipient site characteristics, complications, and outcomes were analyzed. A video is included to show technical points for the harvest of the flap.
Results:
A total of 10 patients were included. The average age was 59.1 years, with a mean of 43.5% of the tongue resected. All flaps survived, with no major complications. At follow-up, the patients had regained an average of 86.5% of original speech, with none requiring NG feeding. The average MSAP skin flap thickness was 7.8 mm, with 6 flaps being harvested as chimeric fasciocutaneous muscle flaps. Five flaps incorporated 2 perforators. Two case examples are presented.
Conclusion:
The chimeric MSAP perforator allows for more robust partial glossectomy reconstruction with improved postoperative functional outcomes. It should be considered as the workhorse flap for partial tongue reconstruction.
