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Updated: Nov 6, 2025

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Printable graphene BioFETs for DNA quantification in Lab-on-PCB microsystems.

Sotirios Papamatthaiou1, Pedro Estrela2, Despina Moschou2

  • 1Centre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Biodevices (C3Bio) and Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK. spapamat@bath.ac.uk.

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|May 11, 2021
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Summary

This study introduces a novel DNA biosensor on a printed circuit board (PCB) for point-of-care diagnostics. The Lab-on-PCB technology enables rapid, label-free DNA detection, advancing diagnostic capabilities.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Lab-on-Chip technology holds promise for point-of-care diagnostics but lacks commercial production methods.
  • Lab-on-Printed Circuit Board (Lab-on-PCB) offers a cost-effective, high-specification solution due to its manufacturing compatibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the first electrolyte-gated field-effect transistor (FET) DNA biosensor on a commercially fabricated PCB.
  • To enable label-free DNA detection using PNA probes immobilized on a graphene channel.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of an FET DNA biosensor on a commercial PCB using a planar layout.
  • Drop-casting graphene ink for the transistor channel.
  • Immobilization of PNA probes onto the graphene channel for selective DNA detection.

Main Results:

  • Successful demonstration of selective DNA sequence detection using the fabricated FET biosensor.
  • Compatibility with an inkjet-printing manufacturing process.
  • Potential for higher sensitivity quantification compared to existing Lab-on-PCB electrochemical sensing.

Conclusions:

  • The developed FET biosensor can be easily integrated into Lab-on-PCB diagnostic platforms.
  • This technology significantly reduces time-to-result for DNA detection, even for low-abundance targets.
  • It paves the way for advanced microsystems combining DNA amplification and detection modules.