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The Transposable Element Environment of Human Genes Differs According to Their Duplication Status and Essentiality
Margot Correa1, Emmanuelle Lerat2, Etienne Birmelé3
1Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Modélisation d'Evry (LaMME), UMR CNRS 8071, ENSIIE, USC INRA, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, Evry, France.
Genome Biology and Evolution
|May 11, 2021
Summary
Transposable elements (TEs) influence gene duplication and maintenance. Different TE types accumulate near duplicated versus singleton genes, with essential genes showing unique TE patterns.
Area of Science:
- Genomics
- Evolutionary Biology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Transposable elements (TEs) are significant genomic components, comprising ~45% of the human genome.
- TEs contribute to genomic novelty and the evolution of gene regulation in mammals.
- Gene duplication provides new genetic material and functional opportunities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the transposable element (TE) environment surrounding duplicated and singleton genes.
- To understand how the TE landscape influences the maintenance of duplicated genes in genomes.
Main Methods:
- Comparative analysis of TE distribution in the vicinity of duplicated and singleton genes.
- Correlation analysis between TE accumulation and gene essentiality.
Main Results:
- Singleton genes exhibit higher proximity to short-interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs) and DNA transposons compared to duplicated genes.
- Duplicated genes show greater association with long-interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and long-terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons.
- Essential genes unexpectedly accumulate SINEs and DNA transposons in their surrounding genomic regions.
Conclusions:
- The TE environment is crucial for understanding the maintenance mechanisms of duplicated genes.
- Gene essentiality correlates with specific TE patterns near genes, suggesting functional roles.
- Genomic context, including TE distribution, is vital for comprehending gene duplication evolution.
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