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Related Concept Videos

Clinical Trials: Overview01:11

Clinical Trials: Overview

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Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
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Preclinical Development: Overview01:28

Preclinical Development: Overview

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Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...
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Drug Administration and Therapy Phases: Overview01:26

Drug Administration and Therapy Phases: Overview

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Drugs, the chemical agents used in diagnosing, treating, or preventing diseases, undergo a four-phase process of development: pharmaceutic, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and therapeutic.
The pharmaceutical phase focuses on leveraging the physicochemical properties of the drug to design and manufacture an effective product. Variants include orally administered tablets or capsules, topical creams or ointments, and parenteral-delivery solutions or emulsions.
The pharmacokinetic phase...
932
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Overview and Classification01:16

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Overview and Classification

76
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is a clinical practice that measures specific drug levels in a patient's blood at designated intervals to ensure the drug concentration stays within a therapeutic range. This monitoring is crucial for optimizing individual dosage regimens, enhancing therapeutic efficacy, and minimizing drug-related toxicity. TDM is vital for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, significant variability in pharmacokinetics, and a clear correlation between plasma levels and...
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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors01:29

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors

49
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is the clinical practice of measuring specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to manage and optimize therapy. TDM is crucial for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, like warfarin and phenytoin, where incorrect doses can lead to treatment failure or severe side effects. This monitoring ensures the dosage administered is within a safe and effective range. The factors affecting therapeutic drug monitoring include:Patient-Specific Factors:a.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 6, 2025

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2
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Therapeutic Development in COVID-19.

Chan Yang1, Yuan Huang1, Shuwen Liu2,3,4

  • 1Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|May 11, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists are exploring antiviral drugs and immune support for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment. This review summarizes current therapies and offers insights for future COVID-19 management strategies.

Keywords:
AntiviralCOVID-19DrugsSARS-CoV-2Therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Clinical Pharmacology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has profoundly impacted global health and economies.
  • Diverse clinical presentations of COVID-19 complicate treatment, with no standard antiviral regimen established beyond supportive care.
  • Extensive research is ongoing to identify effective antiviral drugs and vaccines for COVID-19 prevention and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current antiviral and adjuvant therapies used in clinical practice for COVID-19.
  • To provide a theoretical foundation for the future development of COVID-19 treatments.
  • To review ongoing clinical trials evaluating novel therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current clinical practices for COVID-19 treatment.
  • Analysis of ongoing clinical trials for antiviral and immunomodulatory drugs.
  • Synthesis of existing literature on SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics.

Main Results:

  • No definitive antiviral regimen beyond supportive therapy is currently established for COVID-19.
  • Clinical trials are actively investigating drugs targeting viral replication and immune enhancement.
  • A range of antiviral and adjuvant therapies are under evaluation for efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Current COVID-19 treatment relies heavily on supportive care due to the lack of a standard antiviral regimen.
  • Future treatment strategies will likely involve a combination of antivirals and immune-modulating therapies.
  • Continued research and clinical trials are crucial for establishing effective COVID-19 management protocols.