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Related Concept Videos

Hematopoiesis01:21

Hematopoiesis

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The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
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Overview of Hematopoiesis01:20

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Hematopoiesis, or blood cell production, is a vital biological process that begins early in embryonic development and continues throughout life. This process generates the various types of cells found in blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
Developmental Phases of Hematopoiesis
Initially, HSCs are formed in the embryonic yolk sac, a critical site for early blood cell production. These stem cells subsequently migrate to other...
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Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Production of Formed Elements01:34

Production of Formed Elements

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Hemangioblasts are multipotent stem cells originating from the mesoderm. They give rise to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which undergo hematopoiesis to produce all the formed elements of blood. This process is regulated by a complex network of hematopoietic growth factors, including transcription factors, growth factors, and cytokines. These factors stimulate the HSCs to divide and differentiate, though some HSCs remain undifferentiated to maintain a self-renewing pool.
Most HSCs commit to...
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Automated Quantification of Hematopoietic Cell – Stromal Cell Interactions in Histological Images of Undecalcified Bone
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Large fluctuations in multi-scale modeling for rest hematopoiesis.

Céline Bonnet1, Sylvie Méléard2

  • 1CMAP, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, IP Paris, route de Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France. celine.bonnet@polytechnique.edu.

Journal of Mathematical Biology
|May 11, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study models hematopoiesis (blood cell production) using a stochastic branching process. It reveals that unusual fluctuations in mature blood cell numbers arise from the interplay between cell renewal and differentiation.

Keywords:
Amplification mechanismDecomposable branching processLarge fluctuationsMultiscale approximationRest hematopoiesisStochastic slow–fast dynamical system

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Mathematical Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Hematopoiesis is the process of mature blood cell production from stem cells.
  • This process involves cell renewal and differentiation, leading to amplification.
  • Unexpected fluctuations in mature blood cell counts have been observed in resting hematopoiesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the biological mechanism of hematopoiesis using a stochastic approach.
  • To explain observed fluctuations in mature blood cell numbers.
  • To model the interplay between renewal and differentiation in blood cell production.

Main Methods:

  • A three-dimensional stochastic decomposable branching process was employed.
  • The model considers three cell types: stem cells, progenitors, and mature blood cells.
  • Analysis focused on asymptotic behavior for large scaling parameters (K).

Main Results:

  • The amplification mechanism in hematopoiesis is inversely proportional to the difference between differentiation and renewal probabilities.
  • Each cell type exhibits distinct size and time scales.
  • The mature blood cell population shows unusual expansion and large fluctuations when appropriately scaled.

Conclusions:

  • Stochastic modeling provides insights into the dynamics of hematopoiesis.
  • The balance between renewal and differentiation significantly impacts blood cell production.
  • The model explains observed fluctuations in mature blood cell populations, highlighting the role of stochasticity.