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Genodermatoses in Las Tunas Province, Cuba, 1989-2019
Yordania Velázquez-Ávila1, Carmen R Valenciano-Rodríguez2
1Mártires de las Tunas Pediatric Provincial Hospital, Las Tunas, Cuba.
MEDICC Review
|May 11, 2021
Summary
Genodermatoses are not rare in Las Tunas, Cuba. A specialized care service improved diagnosis, reduced complications, and increased survival rates for these genetic skin conditions.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology
- Genetics
- Public Health
Background:
- Genodermatoses, genetic skin diseases, represent 15% of genetic disorders globally.
- Cuba's National Program (established 1980) and Las Tunas' specialized service (established 2010) aim to manage these conditions.
- Previous studies indicate genodermatoses comprise 22.2% of genetic diseases in Las Tunas, with ichthyosis, mastocytosis, and neurofibromatosis being most common.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe genodermatoses in Las Tunas Province, Cuba.
- To analyze the impact of the National Program and specialized care service on genodermatoses management.
- To assess prevalence, incidence, complications, and survival rates from 1989-2019.
Main Methods:
- An observational, descriptive, retrospective study was conducted on 249 patients diagnosed with genodermatoses in Las Tunas (1989-2019).
- Data collected included genodermatosis type, complications, deaths, and geographic distribution.
- Prevalence, incidence, complication rates, and survival rates were analyzed across two periods: 1989-2009 (before specialized service) and 2010-2019 (after specialized service).
Main Results:
- The overall prevalence rate of genodermatoses was 46.51 per 100,000 population.
- Neurofibromatosis type 1, classical Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and ichthyosis vulgaris showed the highest prevalence and incidence rates.
- Complications decreased from 40% (1989-2009) to 21.1% (2010-2019), with survival rates at 98.0%.
Conclusions:
- Genodermatoses are not rare in Las Tunas Province, with specific conditions like neurofibromatosis type 1 being highly prevalent.
- The specialized multidisciplinary service, integrated with the national program, led to increased diagnoses and improved patient outcomes.
- Enhanced screening and care resulted in a lower proportion of complications and higher survival rates for patients with genodermatoses.
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