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TRP120-dependent activation of noncanonical Wnt/NFAT signaling drives monocyte chemokine production in <i>Ehrlichia chaffeensis</i> infection.

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Ehrlichia TRP effectors: moonlighting, mimicry and infection.

Caitlan D Byerly1, LaNisha L Patterson1, Jere W McBride1,2,3,4,5

  • 1Departments of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.

Pathogens and Disease
|May 11, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Ehrlichia chaffeensis bacteria use tandem repeat protein (TRP) effectors to manipulate host cells and evade immune defenses. TRP120 is a key effector, acting as a ligand mimetic, nucleomodulin, and ubiquitin ligase to control host processes during infection.

Keywords:
Ehrlichia chaffeensiseffector proteinseffector–pathogen interactionsintracellular bacteriamoonlightingtandem repeat proteins

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Cell Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Obligate intracellular bacteria, such as Ehrlichia chaffeensis, possess sophisticated mechanisms to subvert host immune responses.
  • The type 1 secretion system delivers tandem repeat protein (TRP) effectors into host cells, crucial for bacterial survival and pathogenesis.
  • TRP120 has been identified as a significant moonlighting effector with diverse functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the roles of TRP effectors in Ehrlichia chaffeensis infections.
  • To highlight the functions of TRP120 as a model effector.
  • To discuss the implications of Ehrlichia chaffeensis as a model organism for studying intracellular bacterial infections.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on TRP effectors and their interactions with host cells.
  • Analysis of known functions of TRP120, including its roles as a ligand mimetic, nucleomodulin, and ubiquitin ligase.
  • Examination of host cell processes manipulated by TRP effectors.

Main Results:

  • TRP effectors, particularly TRP120, are central to Ehrlichia chaffeensis's evasion of host defenses.
  • TRP120 exhibits moonlighting activities, influencing cytoskeletal organization, vesicle trafficking, cell signaling, and transcriptional regulation.
  • These effectors also modulate post-translational modifications, autophagy, and apoptosis in host cells.

Conclusions:

  • TRP effectors are versatile tools used by Ehrlichia chaffeensis to exploit and manipulate host mononuclear phagocytes.
  • Understanding TRP effector functions provides critical insights into the pathogenesis of intracellular bacterial infections.
  • Ehrlichia chaffeensis serves as a valuable model for dissecting the complex interplay between bacteria and host cells.