Utilizing Xenogeneic Cells As a Therapeutic Agent for Treating Diseases.

Area of Science:

• Cellular medicine
• Regenerative medicine
• Xenotransplantation

Background:

• Biologically produced cells represent a revolutionary medical advancement beyond small molecule and protein drugs.
• Xenogeneic cell therapy, using non-human cells, offers a versatile and abundant source for treating intractable diseases.
• Swine are the preferred source for xenogeneic cells due to organ similarity, economic factors, and genetic modification potential.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review established and novel applications of xenogeneic cell therapy.
• To discuss the potential of xenogeneic cells as a therapeutic agent for degenerative diseases, organ failure, and cancer.
• To explore strategies for overcoming immunological barriers in xenotransplantation.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on xenogeneic cell therapy.
• Discussion of xenogeneic pancreatic islet cells, hepatocytes, neuronal cells, mesenchymal stroma cells, and urothelial cells.
• Analysis of immunological challenges and potential immunotherapeutic applications.

Main Results:

• Xenogeneic cells, particularly from swine, show potential for treating various diseases, including diabetes, liver failure, and neurological disorders.
• Novel applications include using xenogeneic mesenchymal stroma cells and urothelial cells.
• Immunological barriers can be overcome, and immune responses can be harnessed for antitumor immunity.

Conclusions:

• Xenogeneic cell therapy presents a viable regenerative approach for unmet medical needs.
• Despite immunological hurdles, xenogeneic cells can be developed into safe and effective therapies for complex diseases and cancers.
• This approach expands the cellular medicine armamentarium, offering new hope for patients.