An artificial intelligence that increases simulated brain-computer interface performance

Objective.Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) translate neural activity into control signals for assistive devices in order to help people with motor disabilities communicate effectively. In this work, we introduce a new BCI architecture that improves control of a BCI computer cursor to type on a virtual keyboard.Approach.Our BCI architecture incorporates an external artificial intelligence (AI) that beneficially augments the movement trajectories of the BCI. This AI-BCI leverages past user actions, at both long (100 s of seconds ago) and short (100 s of milliseconds ago) timescales, to modify the BCI's trajectories.Main results.We tested our AI-BCI in a closed-loop BCI simulator with nine human subjects performing a typing task. We demonstrate that our AI-BCI achieves: (1) categorically higher information communication rates, (2) quicker ballistic movements between targets, (3) improved precision control to 'dial in' on targets, and (4) more efficient movement trajectories. We further show that our AI-BCI increases performance across a wide control quality spectrum from poor to proficient control.Significance.This AI-BCI architecture, by increasing BCI performance across all key metrics evaluated, may increase the clinical viability of BCI systems.