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Related Concept Videos

Hydrogen Bonds01:04

Hydrogen Bonds

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A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
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Hydrogen Bonds00:26

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Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.
Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!
Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are unequally shared....
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Comparing Intermolecular Forces: Melting Point, Boiling Point, and Miscibility02:34

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Intermolecular forces are attractive forces that exist between molecules. They dictate several bulk properties, such as melting points, boiling points, and solubilities (miscibilities) of substances. Molar mass, molecular shape, and polarity affect the strength of different intermolecular forces, which influence the magnitude of physical properties across a family of molecules.
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Intermolecular Forces03:13

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Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
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Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Polyethylene glycol and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation
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Hydrogen Bonding Strength Determines Water Diffusivity in Polymer Ionogels.

Alexandra V Bayles1,2, Julia M Fisher1, Connor S Valentine3

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara 93106-9010, United States.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
|May 12, 2021
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Summary

Water diffusion in polymeric ionogels follows an activated hopping mechanism. This study predicts water diffusivity using 1H NMR, enabling faster screening of ionic liquid materials for various applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Polymeric ionogels, gels swollen by ionic liquids (ILs), are crucial for solute release and storage.
  • Predicting solute diffusion in complex ionogel compositions remains a challenge.
  • Previous work identified an activated hopping mechanism for water diffusion in ILs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate water diffusion in poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate (PEGDA) ionogels.
  • To establish a predictive model for water diffusivity based on hydrogen bonding.
  • To enable rapid screening of ionogel formulations for optimal solute transport.

Main Methods:

  • Studied water diffusion in PEGDA ionogels using an activated hopping mechanism.
  • Utilized 1H NMR spectroscopy to measure chemical shifts related to hydrogen bonding.
  • Employed high-throughput microfluidic Fabry-Perot interferometry for diffusivity measurements.

Main Results:

  • Confirmed that water diffuses through PEGDA ionogels via activated hopping at a reduced rate compared to neat ILs.
  • Developed a quantitative model correlating 1H NMR chemical shifts to the activation energy barrier for water diffusion.
  • Validated the predictive model across a wide range of ionogel compositions (four ILs, varying PEGDA and water content).

Conclusions:

  • A predictive model for water diffusivity in ionogels was established, relying on IL diffusivity and 1H NMR data.
  • The model facilitates rapid screening of IL-based materials for solute transport applications.
  • The findings highlight a strong link between solute mobility, hydrogen bonding, and ionogel design.