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Optimum chalcone synthase for flavonoid biosynthesis in microorganisms.

Yingjia Tong1,2,3, Yunbin Lyu1,2,3, Sha Xu1,2,3

  • 1National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.

Critical Reviews in Biotechnology
|May 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Microbial production of chalcones and flavonoids offers a promising alternative to low-yield plant extraction. Engineering chalcone synthase (CHS) is key to enhancing the efficient biosynthesis of these valuable compounds for health and industry.

Keywords:
Enzyme engineeringevolutionexpression regulationmetabolic engineeringmultigene familyplant natural productsite-directed mutagenesissynthetic biology

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Biochemistry
  • Metabolic Engineering

Background:

  • Chalcones and flavonoids possess diverse physiological activities, leading to widespread applications in pharmaceuticals, food, feed, and cosmetics.
  • Low natural abundance of these compounds in plants necessitates alternative production methods.
  • Microbial production of chalcones and flavonoids has been researched for over two decades.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding chalcone synthase (CHS), a vital enzyme in flavonoid biosynthesis.
  • To explore strategies for enhancing microbial production of chalcones and downstream products through CHS engineering.
  • To identify future research directions for optimizing flavonoid biosynthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on chalcone synthase (CHS).
  • Analysis of CHS structure, mechanism, evolution, and substrate spectrum.
  • Examination of transformation and expression regulation strategies for CHS in microbial systems.

Main Results:

  • Chalcone synthase (CHS) exhibits a broad substrate spectrum, and its activity and expression levels are critical for efficient flavonoid biosynthesis.
  • Engineering CHS presents a significant opportunity for improving the microbial production of chalcones and flavonoids.
  • Understanding CHS regulation is crucial for optimizing yields.

Conclusions:

  • Engineering chalcone synthase (CHS) is a pivotal strategy for efficient microbial production of valuable chalcones and flavonoids.
  • Further research into CHS can drive advancements in health products and human diet.
  • Optimized microbial biosynthesis holds potential for pharmaceutical, food, feed, and cosmetic industries.