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Seasonal influence of tuberculosis diagnosis in Rwanda.
Doris Uwamahoro1, Aly Beeman2, Vinay K Sharma3
1Department of Anesthesia, Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, University of Rwanda College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Kigali, Rwanda.
Tropical Medicine and Health
|May 13, 2021
Summary
Tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis in Rwanda is influenced by season. Laboratory-confirmed TB cases were less likely during the rainy season compared to the dry season, indicating seasonal variation in TB detection.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant global health issue.
- Previous studies suggest a seasonal peak in temperate climates, but research in tropical regions is limited.
- This study investigates seasonality's impact on TB diagnosis in Rwanda, a tropical country.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the influence of distinct seasons on laboratory-confirmed tuberculosis diagnoses in Rwanda.
- To determine if seasonal variations affect the detection rates of TB in a tropical climate.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective chart review of 2717 patients with TB laboratory data from January 2016 to December 2017 at University Teaching Hospital-Kigali.
- Data included demographics, season, HIV status, and TB test results (microscopy, GeneXpert, culture).
- Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between season and TB diagnosis, controlling for age, gender, and HIV status.
Main Results:
- Patients diagnosed during the rainy season had lower odds of laboratory-confirmed TB compared to the dry season (adjusted odds ratio=0.78, p=0.026).
- Males, adults, and individuals living with HIV were more likely to receive a laboratory-confirmed TB diagnosis.
- While more TB tests were performed monthly during the rainy season, this difference was not statistically significant.
Conclusions:
- Laboratory-confirmed TB case detection in Rwanda exhibits seasonal variation, with higher odds of diagnosis during the dry season.
- Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind this seasonal influence on TB diagnosis.
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