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Iodine, Seaweed, and the Thyroid.

Peter P A Smyth1

  • 1School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

European Thyroid Journal
|May 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Iodine is essential for thyroid health, but both deficiency and excess can cause problems. Seaweed, a popular food, provides iodine but can also have antithyroid effects, requiring careful consumption and clear labeling.

Keywords:
Atmospheric iodineIodineIodine deficiencySeaweedThyroidUrinary iodine

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional science
  • Environmental science
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Iodine is crucial for thyroid health; imbalances can lead to disorders.
  • Seaweed, increasingly popular in Western diets, is a significant iodine source.
  • Gaseous iodine from seaweed influences coastal climate and cloud formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline dietary iodine sources, assessment methods, and intake recommendations.
  • To describe the benefits and risks associated with consuming iodine-rich seaweed.
  • To discuss seaweed's role in thyroid health, cancer prevalence, and climate impact.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on iodine metabolism and thyroid function.
  • Analysis of seaweed's nutritional content and potential health impacts.
  • Examination of studies on gaseous iodine's environmental effects.

Main Results:

  • Dietary iodine sources, assessment, and recommended intake are detailed.
  • Seaweed consumption offers benefits but carries risks, including antithyroid actions.
  • Gaseous iodine from seaweed impacts weather patterns and coastal iodine levels.

Conclusions:

  • Universal salt iodization is optimal for iodine status; targeted increases are recommended for specific groups.
  • Caution is advised for brown seaweed (kelp) consumption due to potential antithyroid effects.
  • Seaweed's environmental iodine contribution may help mitigate local iodine deficits.