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Liquid Crystal Based Binding Assay for Detecting HIV-1 Surface Glycoprotein.

Amna Didar Abbasi1, Zakir Hussain1, Usman Liaqat1

  • 1Department of Materials Engineering, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Frontiers in Chemistry
|May 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary

A novel RNA aptamer bioassay detects HIV-1 gp-120 early in infection. This simple, label-free assay offers a low-cost method for rapid HIV-1 detection, especially in resource-limited settings.

Keywords:
PDMSaptamerbinding assaygp-120liquid crystals

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Molecular Diagnostics
  • Virology

Background:

  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) surface glycoprotein 120 (gp-120) is crucial for viral entry and infection.
  • Early detection of HIV-1 is challenging due to difficulties in identifying key viral markers like gp-120 in initial infection stages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a sensitive and specific binding bioassay for detecting HIV-1 gp-120.
  • To create a rapid, cost-effective, and label-free diagnostic tool for early HIV-1 detection.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a bioassay utilizing an RNA aptamer (B40t77) that specifically binds to HIV-1 gp-120.
  • Immobilization of gp-120 onto a hydrophobic glass slide for aptamer binding.
  • Signal amplification using liquid crystal (LC) to generate optical signals for detection.

Main Results:

  • The bioassay successfully detected HIV-1 gp-120 with high specificity.
  • Sensitivity reached as low as 1 μg/ml of gp-120 within a 30-minute incubation period.
  • No cross-reactivity was observed with other proteins like bovine serum albumin (BSA).

Conclusions:

  • This study presents the first qualitative, naked-eye bioassay for HIV-1 gp-120 detection.
  • The assay is robust, low-cost, label-free, and rapid, making it suitable for early HIV-1 diagnosis.
  • The developed bioassay holds significant potential for HIV-1 screening in resource-limited environments.