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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

2.7K
Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Radical Reactivity: Overview01:11

Radical Reactivity: Overview

2.3K
Radicals, the highly reactive species, gain stability by undergoing three different reactions. The first reaction involves a radical-radical coupling, in which a radical combines with another radical, forming a spin‐paired molecule. The second reaction is between a radical and a spin‐paired molecule, generating a new radical and a new spin‐paired molecule. The third reaction is radical decomposition in a unimolecular reaction, forming a new radical and a spin‐paired...
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Radical Reactivity: Intramolecular vs Intermolecular01:33

Radical Reactivity: Intramolecular vs Intermolecular

1.9K
Radical reactions can occur either intermolecularly or intramolecularly. In an intermolecular radical reaction, a nucleophilic radical adds to an electrophilic alkene or vice versa. In such reactions, the radical and generally the alkene, which is also called the radical trap, are two different molecules. Additionally, for such intermolecular reactions to occur, the radical trap must be active, present in an excess concentration, and the radical starting material must have a weak...
1.9K
Radical Formation: Overview01:03

Radical Formation: Overview

2.4K
A bond can be broken either by heterolytic bond cleavage to form ions or homolytic bond cleavage to yield radicals. A fishhook arrow is used to represent the motion of a single electron in homolytic bond cleavage. There are two main sources from which radicals can be formed:
Radicals from spin-paired molecules:
Radicals can be obtained from spin-paired molecules either by homolysis or electron transfer. While two radicals are formed in the former, an electron is added in the...
2.4K
Radical Reactivity: Nucleophilic Radicals01:16

Radical Reactivity: Nucleophilic Radicals

2.3K
Radicals adjacent to electron-donating groups are called nucleophilic radicals. These radicals readily react with electrophilic alkenes. The SOMO–LUMO interactions are the driving force for the reaction, where the high-energy SOMO of the electron-rich, nucleophilic radicals interacts with the low-energy LUMO of the electron-deficient, electrophilic alkenes. Such SOMO–LUMO interactions are the basis of reactive radical traps, affecting the selectivity in radical reactions. For...
2.3K
Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects01:10

Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects

2.2K
The presence of electron-donating, electron-withdrawing, or conjugating groups adjacent to a radical center, imparts electronic stabilization to the radicals. Examples of such electronically-stabilized radicals are triphenylmethyl, tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxide, and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl. These radicals are remarkably stable and are known as persistent radicals. Some of the persistent radicals can even be isolated and purified.
Along with electronic...
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Updated: Nov 5, 2025

Author Spotlight: Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks
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Author Spotlight: Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks

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The First High-Temperature Supramolecular Radical Ferroics.

Chao-Ran Huang1, Yibao Li1, Yongfa Xie2

  • 1Key Laboratory of Organo-phamaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|May 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed novel high-temperature organic supramolecular radical ferroics. These materials exhibit ferroelectricity up to 450 K, overcoming limitations of previous radical ferroics like TEMPO.

Keywords:
TEMPOferroicspiezoelectricityradicalsupramolecular chemistry

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Isolating Free Carbenes, their Mixed Dimers and Organic Radicals
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemistry
  • Physics

Background:

  • Organic radical ferroics, exemplified by TEMPO, show promise but are limited by low Curie temperatures (287 K) and melting points (311 K).
  • The development of high-temperature radical ferroics remains a significant challenge in materials science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and synthesize novel high-temperature organic supramolecular radical ferroics.
  • To investigate the ferroelectric properties and temperature stability of these new materials.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized chemical design and supramolecular radical chemistry principles.
  • Synthesized two compounds: [(NH3-TEMPO)([18]crown-6)](ReO4) (1) and [(NH3-TEMPO)([18]crown-6)](ClO4) (2).
  • Characterized their ferroelectric, magnetic, piezoelectric, and electrostrictive behaviors.

Main Results:

  • Successfully designed and synthesized two supramolecular radical ferroics with significantly enhanced thermal stability.
  • Compound 1 exhibits ferroelectricity up to 413 K, and compound 2 up to 450 K.
  • Both materials display paramagnetism, non-interacting spin moments, and excellent piezoelectric/electrostrictive properties comparable to LiNbO3.

Conclusions:

  • These represent the first supramolecular radical ferroics and the first high-temperature radical ferroics.
  • The supramolecular component is crucial for radical stabilization and extending the operational temperature range.
  • The developed materials offer potential for advanced applications requiring high-temperature ferroelectric and magnetic functionalities.