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Converting an array of edge dislocations into a multi-vortex beam.

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Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision

|May 13, 2021

Summary

Researchers demonstrate how a Gaussian beam with edge dislocations transforms into a vortex beam carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM). Topological charge (TC) emerges during propagation, with OAM varying based on dislocation arrangement.

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Area of Science:

* Optics and Photonics
* Quantum Optics

Background:

* Gaussian beams are fundamental in laser physics.
* Vortex beams possess orbital angular momentum (OAM) and topological charge (TC).
* Edge dislocations in light beams represent lines of zero intensity.

Purpose of the Study:

* To theoretically investigate the transformation of a Gaussian beam with edge dislocations into a vortex beam.
* To analyze the emergence and dynamics of orbital angular momentum (OAM) and topological charge (TC).
* To explore the influence of the number and spacing of edge dislocations on the resulting vortex beam properties.

Main Methods:

* Theoretical analysis of light beam transformation using a cylindrical lens.
* Mathematical modeling of Gaussian beam propagation with edge dislocations.
* Simulation of vortex beam generation and characterization of OAM and TC.

Main Results:

* A Gaussian beam with parallel edge dislocations is converted into a vortex beam.
* Topological charge (TC) appears during free-space propagation, even if initially absent.
* The number and spacing of edge dislocations dictate the generated optical vortices' dynamics and the beam's OAM.
* Specific configurations yield TC = -2, while varying dislocation distance tunes the OAM to positive, negative, or zero values.
* An infinite number of dislocations generates a vortex beam with finite OAM and infinite TC.

Conclusions:

* Cylindrical lenses can engineer vortex beams from beams with edge dislocations.
* The phenomenon of emergent topological charge during propagation is demonstrated.
* Precise control over edge dislocation parameters allows for tailoring vortex beam characteristics, including OAM and TC.