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Electrically controlled 1  ×  2 tunable switch using a phase change material embedded silicon microring.

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    Summary
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    We developed a tunable optical switch using germanium antimony telluride (GST) phase change material. This device offers high performance for reconfigurable photonic integrated circuits.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Materials Science
    • Electrical Engineering

    Background:

    • Phase change materials like germanium antimony telluride (GST) are crucial for advanced photonic devices.
    • GST offers high optical contrast, bi-stability, and rapid response, making it ideal for optical switching.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and analyze a 1x2 tunable optical switch.
    • To leverage GST's phase change properties and thermo-optic coefficient in a silicon microring resonator design.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a silicon microring resonator integrated with a 1 µm GST layer.
    • Electrical induction of phase transitions in GST to control optical switching.
    • Characterization of device performance including extinction ratios, switching times, and wavelength tunability.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved high extinction ratios of 25.57 dB (through port) and 18.75 dB (drop port).
    • Demonstrated fast switching times: ~66 ns (amorphous to crystalline) and ~45 ns (crystalline to amorphous).
    • Reported a resonance wavelength shift of 0.661 nm/µm and tuning efficiency of 1.16 nm/mW, with a large wavelength tunability of 4.63 nm.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed GST-embedded silicon microring resonator functions as an effective tunable optical switch.
    • The device's performance metrics make it suitable for reconfigurable photonic integrated circuits.
    • Electrical control of GST phase transitions provides a viable mechanism for optical switching applications.