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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 5, 2025

Controlled Strain of 3D Hydrogels under Live Microscopy Imaging

Controlled Strain of 3D Hydrogels under Live Microscopy Imaging

Published on: December 4, 2020

Directional phase-unwrapping algorithm and phase shift technique on hydrogel.

Yiyang Wu, Wayne Knox

|May 13, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a new phase-unwrapping algorithm for precise measurement of hydrogel microstructures. This method enables highly accurate, 6.5 nm step-size metrology for femtosecond laser-written refractive index microstructures.

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Last Updated: Nov 5, 2025

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Published on: January 29, 2022

Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Materials Science
Metrology

Background:

Refractive index microstructures created with femtosecond lasers offer diverse applications.
Accurate metrology of these microstructures is crucial for their development and application.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a novel directional phase-unwrapping algorithm for precise metrology of hydrogel microstructures.
To demonstrate a staircase phase-unwrapping approach that is fast, quality-guided, and noise-tolerant.
To introduce a slant angle technique for highly precise phase shifts in metrology.

Main Methods:

Development of a directional phase-unwrapping algorithm utilizing phase-shifting techniques.
Implementation of a staircase phase-unwrapping algorithm for geometrically defined structures.
Utilizing a slant angle technique on a DC servo stage for precise phase shift measurement.

Main Results:

The demonstrated staircase phase-unwrapping algorithm is fast, quality-guided, and tolerant to phase noise.
The slant angle technique achieves precise phase shifts with step sizes as small as 6.5 nm.
Successful application of the algorithm to the metrology of hydrogel microstructures.

Conclusions:

The developed directional phase-unwrapping algorithm provides a robust and accurate method for metrology of microstructures.
The combination of phase-unwrapping and precise phase shifting enables high-resolution characterization of hydrogel microstructures.
This technique advances the precise measurement capabilities for femtosecond laser-fabricated optical components.