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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
Adult stem cells
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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Cancer Stem Cells in the Immune Microenvironment.

Dong-Sup Lee1, Keunhee Oh2

  • 1Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. dlee5522@snu.ac.kr.

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|May 13, 2021
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Cancer stem cells drive aggressive cancer traits like metastasis and therapy resistance. They co-evolve with cancer-associated myeloid cells, which promote tumor growth and immune evasion.

Keywords:
Breast cancerCancer stem cellCancer-promoting inflammationMDSCMetastasisSTAT3

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer cells responsible for aggressive phenotypes including therapy resistance, metastasis, and recurrence.
  • CSCs interact with and modify their microenvironment, particularly cancer-associated myeloid cells.
  • Normal myeloid cells maintain tissue homeostasis, but in cancer, they co-evolve with malignant cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the reciprocal interactions between cancer stem cells and cancer-associated myeloid cells.
  • To understand how these interactions contribute to cancer progression and hallmarks of cancer.

Main Methods:

  • The abstract does not specify the methods used.
  • This section requires specific details on experimental approaches.

Main Results:

  • Cancer stem cells and cancer-associated myeloid cells mutually potentiate each other's activities during carcinogenesis.
  • Cancer-associated myeloid cells enhance CSC characteristics, contributing to proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and therapy resistance.
  • These interactions lead to immune evasion and inflammation, key hallmarks of cancer.

Conclusions:

  • The co-evolution of CSCs and cancer-associated myeloid cells is critical for cancer progression.
  • Targeting this crosstalk may offer novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Understanding these interactions is key to overcoming treatment resistance and metastasis.