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Related Concept Videos

Blood Transfusion and Agglutination02:45

Blood Transfusion and Agglutination

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Blood transfusion is a therapeutic measure to restore the blood volume after extensive blood loss due to an accident or a medical procedure. Blood transfusion involves drawing a certain amount of blood from a suitable donor and infusing it into the recipient.
History
The history of blood transfusion dates back to the 17th century, when early attempts were made in animals. In 1818 James Blundell, a British doctor, performed the first successful human blood transfusion. Later in 1900, Karl...
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Blood Typing01:10

Blood Typing

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Understanding an individual's blood group is a critical component of transfusion medicine. It ensures compatibility in blood transfusions, organ transplants, and even during pregnancy. Determining these blood groups involves the ABO and Rh blood typing systems, utilizing specific antigens and corresponding anti-sera to identify an individual's blood type.
Antigens are protein molecules that reside on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). The ABO and Rh blood typing systems target...
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Blood Types02:20

Blood Types

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Human blood is classified into different types based on the presence of antigens on the red blood cell's surface and antibodies in the plasma. Proper identification of blood type is essential for successful blood transfusion. The International Society of Blood Transfusion has identified 38 human blood types based on the surface antigens on the red blood cells. The most common types are ABO, Rh, and MNS blood types.
ABO blood group
ABO antigens are glycoproteins encoded by genes present on...
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The ABO Blood Group01:12

The ABO Blood Group

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The ABO blood group system is a critical element of transfusion medicine, essential for determining blood compatibility in transfusions and organ transplants. It is based on specific antigens, or agglutinogens, present on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs) and corresponding antibodies, or agglutinins, in the blood plasma.
Antigens in the ABO Blood Group System
Antigens are substances that can trigger an immune response, leading to the production of antibodies. In the ABO blood group system,...
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Blood Transfusion01:15

Blood Transfusion

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Blood transfusion is a critical medical procedure that saves lives and treats various medical conditions. It involves transferring blood from a donor to a recipient. This process requires a thorough understanding of the ABO blood group system and its associated antigens and antibodies.
Blood Transfusion Overview
A blood transfusion is a medical procedure used to replace blood lost due to injury, surgery, or to treat conditions such as anemia or cancer. During a transfusion, donor blood is...
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Updated: Nov 5, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Immune Monitoring in Critical Care Patients Using Whole Blood Assays
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Author Spotlight: Advancing Immune Monitoring in Critical Care Patients Using Whole Blood Assays

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Does blood type affect the COVID-19 infection pattern?

Mattia Miotto1,2, Lorenzo Di Rienzo2, Giorgio Gosti2

  • 1Department of Physics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.

Plos One
|May 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) spread varied geographically, potentially due to blood types. SARS-CoV-2 may carry erythrocyte antigens, influencing infection rates based on recipient blood type antibodies.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Immunology
  • Virology

Background:

  • COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) pandemic exhibited significant geographical variations in contagiousness and lethality.
  • The potential influence of host blood type on SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and disease progression remains an area of investigation.
  • A hypothesis suggests SARS-CoV-2 may retain erythrocyte antigens from infected individuals, potentially triggering immune responses in recipients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hypothesis that SARS-CoV-2 retains erythrocyte antigens, impacting infection rates based on blood type.
  • To explore the role of blood type distribution in the geographical heterogeneity of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) epidemics.
  • To develop and validate an epidemiological model incorporating blood type-dependent infection rules.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a deterministic epidemiological model.
  • Inclusion of infection rules specifically based on ABO blood group antigens and antibodies.
  • Comparison of model outputs with global COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) infection progression data.

Main Results:

  • The model demonstrated good agreement with worldwide COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) infection data.
  • Findings support the hypothesis that blood types play a significant role in SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics.
  • Geographical variations in blood type prevalence may contribute to observed epidemic spread patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Blood type appears to be a contributing factor in COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) infection rates and geographical distribution.
  • The proposed mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 antigen retention offers a plausible explanation for blood type-dependent infectivity.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise immunological interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and host blood groups.