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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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DNA as a Genetic Template02:05

DNA as a Genetic Template

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Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...
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Organization of Genes02:07

Organization of Genes

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Overview
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Chromatin Packaging01:32

Chromatin Packaging

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Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base pairs of DNA. Each base pair is 0.34 nm long, meaning each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. This long DNA strand is packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10-20 microns in diameter with the help of specialized DNA-binding proteins called histones. Together they form a compact DNA-protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin is further compacted into higher-order structures. The highest level of compaction is achieved during...
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Chromatin Packaging02:21

Chromatin Packaging

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Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base-pairs of DNA. Each base-pair is 0.34 nm long, which means that each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. How is such a long DNA strand packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10 - 20 microns in diameter? 
The chromatin
In combination with specialized DNA binding protein called Histones, the DNA double helix forms a compact DNA: protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin itself is further compacted into higher-order...
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Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

Genome Annotation and Assembly

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The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
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Deciphering High-Resolution 3D Chromatin Organization via Capture Hi-C
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Decoding the organization, dynamics, and function of the 4D genome.

Erin Aboelnour1, Boyan Bonev2

  • 1Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.

Developmental Cell
|May 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The 3D genome

Keywords:
4D genomecell identitygene regulationnuclear architecture

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Genomics
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Cell-fate decisions are crucial in development.
  • The linear epigenome's role is known, but 3D genome architecture's impact on gene expression is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent insights into the molecular landscape of genome folding.
  • To emphasize the importance of the 3D genome for gene regulation and spatiotemporal dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on 3D genome architecture.
  • Discussion of emerging technologies for studying genome folding.

Main Results:

  • Genome folding is multilayered and dynamic.
  • 3D genome architecture plays a critical role in gene regulation.

Conclusions:

  • New concepts and technologies will advance understanding of development and disease.
  • Further research into 3D genome organization is essential for addressing biological questions.