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Reefshape: A System for the Efficient Collection and Automated Processing of Time-Series Underwater Photogrammetry Data for Benthic Habitat Monitoring

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Refractive three-dimensional reconstruction for underwater stereo digital image correlation.

Zhilong Su, Jiyu Pan, Lei Lu

|May 14, 2021

Summary

This study introduces a refractive stereo-DIC method to accurately measure 3D deformation of submerged objects. By accounting for light refraction, it corrects errors caused by medium density changes, enabling precise underwater measurements.

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Area of Science:

* Optical Engineering
* Mechanical Engineering
* Fluid Dynamics

Background:

* Standard stereo digital image correlation (stereo-DIC) methods assume linear light transmission, which is violated when measuring submerged objects due to light refraction.
* This optical distortion leads to inaccurate 3D shape and deformation measurements in fluid environments.
* Refraction caused by varying medium density invalidates the single viewpoint assumption crucial for traditional stereo-DIC.

Purpose of the Study:

* To develop and validate a novel refractive stereo-DIC method for accurate 3D deformation measurement of submerged objects.
* To address the limitations of conventional stereo-DIC in fluid-immersed scenarios by incorporating light refraction.
* To provide a robust framework for characterizing 3D deformation in underwater applications.

Main Methods:

* Formulated a refractive reconstruction geometry incorporating Snell's law for flat refraction and standard triangulation.
* Developed a method to trace refracted ray paths based on initial 3D reconstruction without altering camera models.
* Integrated the refractive 3D reconstruction into the stereo-DIC framework to correct for optical distortions.

Main Results:

* Demonstrated the feasibility and correctness of the proposed refractive stereo-DIC method through underwater experiments.
* Achieved accurate 3D shape and deformation measurements of submerged objects.
* Validated the method's ability to overcome errors introduced by light refraction in different media.

Conclusions:

* The proposed refractive stereo-DIC method effectively corrects for light refraction, enabling accurate 3D deformation measurements of submerged objects.
* This approach offers a flexible and extendable solution for fluid-immersed 3D deformation characterization.
* The method overcomes the inherent limitations of traditional stereo-DIC in non-uniform optical media.