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Immune reactants in cryoproteins. Relationship to complement activation.

M R Wilson, C M Arroyave, L Miles

    Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
    |December 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Cryoproteins in patients with autoimmune diseases often contain immune reactants. These immune complexes activate complement pathways, contributing to disease pathogenesis.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Rheumatology
    • Clinical Chemistry

    Background:

    • Cryoproteins are proteins that precipitate in the cold.
    • Cryoglobulinaemia, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjøgren's syndrome are autoimmune diseases associated with cryoprotein formation.
    • The composition and complement-activating properties of cryoproteins in these conditions are not fully understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To characterize the immune reactants within cryoprecipitates from patients with essential cryoglobulinaemia, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjøgren's syndrome.
    • To investigate the ability of these cryoprecipitates to activate the classical and alternative complement pathways.
    • To explore the potential role of these findings in the pathogenesis of the studied diseases.

    Main Methods:

    • Isolation of cryoproteins from patient serum.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Immunochemical analysis of cryoprecipitates for IgG, IgM, IgA, C1q, C4, C3, factor B, antibodies, and antigens.
  • In vitro assays to assess complement activation via classical and alternative pathways.

    • Main Results:

    • Cryoprecipitates contained immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA) and complement proteins (C1q, C4, C3, factor B).
    • Specific autoantibodies and antigens, including antinuclear antibodies and rheumatoid factor, were identified in various cryoprecipitates.
    • All tested cryoprecipitates activated the classical complement pathway.
    • A majority (9 out of 12) also activated the alternative complement pathway under specific conditions.

    Conclusions:

    • Cryoprecipitates in patients with essential cryoglobulinaemia, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjøgren's syndrome frequently comprise immune reactants.
    • These immune reactants are capable of activating both the classical and alternative complement pathways.
    • The complement-activating properties of cryoproteins likely contribute to the inflammatory and pathogenic mechanisms in these autoimmune diseases.