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Related Concept Videos

IR Absorption Frequency: Hybridization01:21

IR Absorption Frequency: Hybridization

997
Hydrocarbons such as alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes show characteristic C–H stretching absorption bands. These IR stretching frequencies depend on the hybridization of the involved carbon atom and can be explained in terms of the s character of each hybridized atomic orbital.
Among the sp, sp2, and sp3 hybridized orbitals, sp orbitals have the maximum s character (50%). Consequently, the electrons are held more closely to the nucleus, resulting in stronger and shorter C–H bonds that...
997

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Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source
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100 Gbit/s co-designed optical receiver with hybrid integration.

Weizhong Li, Hongguang Zhang, Xiao Hu

    Optics Express
    |May 14, 2021
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study presents a novel optical receiver, integrating a silicon photonic photodetector and SiGe trans-impedance amplifier. It achieves high-speed data transmission, demonstrating 100 Gbit/s operation for optical communication systems.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and optoelectronics
    • Integrated circuit design
    • High-speed communication systems

    Background:

    • Optical receivers are critical components in high-speed data transmission.
    • Integration of photodetectors and trans-impedance amplifiers is essential for compact and efficient receiver design.
    • Bandwidth limitations in optical receivers hinder achieving higher data rates.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To co-design and demonstrate a hybrid-integrated optical receiver.
    • To enhance the bandwidth and performance of the optical receiver using advanced design techniques.
    • To achieve high data rates for optical communication.

    Main Methods:

    • Hybrid integration of a silicon-photonic photodetector (PD) and a silicon-germanium (SiGe) trans-impedance amplifier (TIA).
    • Development of accurate equivalent circuit models for PD and chip-on-board (COB) electrical parasitics for co-simulation.
    • Implementation of inductive peaking and equalizer (EQ) techniques in TIA design.

    Main Results:

    • Measured electrical 3-dB bandwidth of TIA exceeding 36.8 GHz.
    • Measured optical-to-electrical (O-E) 3-dB bandwidth of the optical receiver above 36 GHz.
    • Clear eye diagrams achieved up to 80 Gbit/s data rate.
    • Successful demonstration of 100 Gbit/s Non-Return-to-Zero (NRZ) operation with soft-decision forward error correction (SD-FEC).

    Conclusions:

    • The co-designed optical receiver achieves high bandwidth and enables ultra-high-speed data transmission.
    • The hybrid integration approach and advanced TIA design techniques are effective for next-generation optical communication.
    • This work paves the way for higher data rate optical transceivers.