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Related Concept Videos

Systematic Error: Methodological and Sampling Errors01:15

Systematic Error: Methodological and Sampling Errors

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In the case of systematic errors, the sources can be identified, and the errors can be subsequently minimized by addressing these sources. According to the source, systematic errors can be divided into sampling, instrumental, methodological, and personal errors.
Sampling errors originate from improper sampling methods or the wrong sample population. These errors can be minimized by refining the sampling strategy. Defective instruments or faulty calibrations are the sources of instrumental...
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Contaminants and Errors01:16

Contaminants and Errors

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Effective sample preparation is crucial for accurate and reliable laboratory analysis. During this process, two significant sources of error can arise: concentration bias from improper sample splitting and contamination caused by methods used to reduce particle size, such as grinding or homogenization. Identifying and minimizing these potential errors is crucial to ensuring the validity of the analysis.
Another key consideration is determining the appropriate number of samples required to...
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference01:25

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference

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Interference leads to systematic error in atomic absorption (AA) measurements by enhancing or diminishing the analytical signal or the background. These interferences can be grouped into three main categories: spectral interference, chemical interference, and physical interference.
Spectral interference occurs when signals from other elements or molecules overlap with the analyte signal, falsely elevating or masking the analyte's absorbance. This interference can be corrected using Zeeman,...
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Random and Systematic Errors01:20

Random and Systematic Errors

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Scientists always try their best to record measurements with the utmost accuracy and precision. However, sometimes errors do occur. These errors can be random or systematic. Random errors are observed due to the inconsistency or fluctuation in the measurement process, or variations in the quantity itself that is being measured. Such errors fluctuate from being greater than or less than the true value in repeated measurements. Consider a scientist measuring the length of an earthworm using a...
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Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Interferences01:20

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Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) is a highly selective and sensitive technique for accurate elemental analysis. Though the analysis of ICP–MS mass spectra is comparatively straightforward, it is affected by spectroscopic and non-spectroscopic interferences. Spectroscopic interferences arise when the plasma contains ionic species with an m/z value the same as the analyte ion. Spectroscopic interference can be categorized as isobaric, polyatomic ions, and...
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab01:21

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab

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For AAS measurements, samples must be introduced as clear solutions, often requiring extensive preliminary treatment to dissolve materials like soils, animal tissues, and minerals. Common methods for sample preparation include treatment with hot mineral acids, wet ashing, combustion in closed containers, high-temperature ashing, or fusion with reagents.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 5, 2025

Using Capillary Electrophoresis to Quantify Organic Acids from Plant Tissue: A Test Case Examining Coffea arabica Seeds
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What causes most errors in chemical analysis?

Analytical Methods Committee Amctb No

    Analytical Methods : Advancing Methods and Applications
    |May 14, 2021
    PubMed
    Summary

    Analytical chemistry management transformed in the 1980s due to poor precision. Implementing proficiency testing, validated methods, and quality control improved laboratory performance and reliability.

    Area of Science:

    • Analytical Chemistry
    • Laboratory Management
    • Quality Assurance

    Background:

    • Emerging evidence in the early 1980s highlighted significant inter-laboratory precision issues in routine trace contaminant analysis.
    • This lack of precision necessitated a fundamental shift in how analytical chemistry laboratories were managed and operated.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To outline the key changes and principles adopted in analytical chemistry management.
    • To detail the evolution of laboratory practices towards enhanced accuracy and reliability in trace contaminant analysis.

    Main Methods:

    • Adoption of principles from CODEX and VAM (Value Added Manufacturing).
    • Regular participation in proficiency test (PT) schemes.
    • Implementation of validated analytical methods, use of certified reference materials (CRMs) for calibration and validation, and robust internal quality control (QC).

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  • Pursuit of accreditation to international standards like ISO 17025.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant improvements in inter-laboratory precision and data reliability.
    • Increased confidence in routine analysis for trace contaminants.
    • Establishment of a framework for continuous quality improvement in analytical laboratories.

    Conclusions:

    • The adoption of standardized principles and rigorous quality management systems has fundamentally improved analytical chemistry practices.
    • Proficiency testing, validated methods, CRMs, and accreditation are crucial for ensuring accurate and reliable trace contaminant analysis.