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Related Concept Videos

Complement System01:27

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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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The coagulation phase is a critical part of the body's process to prevent blood loss following injury to blood vessels. It involves chemical reactions that form a clot to seal the injured area. The clotting process begins shortly after injury, within 15-20 seconds for severe damage and 1-2 minutes for minor injuries.
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Methods for Quantitative Detection of Antibody-induced Complement Activation on Red Blood Cells
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Methods for Quantitative Detection of Antibody-induced Complement Activation on Red Blood Cells

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It takes two to thrombosis: Hemolysis and complement.

Laura Delvasto-Nuñez1, Ilse Jongerius2, Sacha Zeerleder3

  • 1Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Blood Reviews
|May 14, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Complement activation and hemolysis drive thrombosis in hemolytic anemias by activating neutrophils. This review explores how these factors, along with extracellular heme, contribute to hypercoagulability and vascular damage.

Keywords:
CoagulationComplementHemolysisNETsNeutrophilsThrombosis

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Last Updated: Nov 5, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Immunology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Thromboembolic events are common in hemolytic anemias like paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
  • Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome also involves hemolysis and thrombotic abnormalities.
  • The complement system is implicated in thrombosis development within hemolytic diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of complement activation and hemolysis in thrombosis onset in hemolytic diseases.
  • To discuss the interplay of biological systems and neutrophil activation in thrombosis pathogenesis.
  • To address the pathophysiology of hemolysis in complement-driven diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review summarizing current knowledge.
  • Discussion of biological system interactions.
  • Analysis of neutrophil activation pathways.

Main Results:

  • Complement activation and hemolysis promote neutrophil extracellular trap formation.
  • Extracellular hemoglobin and heme contribute to procoagulant responses.
  • Synergistic effects of complement, hemolysis, and neutrophil activation lead to hypercoagulability.

Conclusions:

  • Complement and hemolysis are key drivers of thrombosis in hemolytic anemias.
  • Neutrophil activation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of thrombosis.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for managing complement-driven diseases.