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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 5, 2025

Real-Time Dynamic Navigation System for the Precise Quad-Zygomatic Implant Placement in a Patient with a Severely Atrophic Maxilla
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Robot-assisted mandibular angle osteotomy using electromagnetic navigation.

Mengzhe Sun1, Li Lin1,2, Xiaojun Chen1

  • 1Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

Annals of Translational Medicine
|May 14, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study demonstrates that robot-assisted surgery using electromagnetic (EM) navigation is feasible and precise for maxillofacial procedures. The system proved safe and effective in animal models, showing potential for clinical application.

Keywords:
Robot-assisted surgery (RAS)cranio-maxillofacial surgeryelectromagnetic (EM) navigation

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Robotics
  • Surgical Navigation
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Investigating electromagnetic (EM) navigation technology for robot-assisted surgery.
  • Developing a maxillofacial surgical robotic system (MSRS) integrated with EM navigation.
  • Assessing feasibility in confined surgical areas using mandibular angle osteotomy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the precision and feasibility of an EM-guided MSRS for surgical procedures.
  • To validate the accuracy of the robotic system in model and animal experiments.
  • To determine the clinical potential of this technology in craniomaxillofacial surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a customized dental splint with a navigation part for registration.
  • Designing a 3D surgical plan based on preoperative CT scans.
  • Guiding osteotomy with a robot-positioned template and validating with Coordinate Measuring Machine and postoperative CT scans.

Main Results:

  • Successful completion of all procedures in animal experiments without complications.
  • Achieved navigation position accuracy of 0.44±0.19 mm and angle accuracy of 3.5°±2.1° in model experiments.
  • Demonstrated osteotomy line errors of 0.83±0.62 mm (lateral) and 1.06±1.03 mm (interior), with a cutting plane angle error of 5.9°±4.7° in animal experiments.

Conclusions:

  • Robot-assisted surgery with EM navigation is feasible in real surgical environments.
  • The system's precision meets clinical requirements for craniomaxillofacial surgery.
  • The procedure is safe, easy to perform on animals, and holds promise for future clinical use.