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Related Concept Videos

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
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Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 5, 2025

Whole Vitreous Humor Dissection for Vitreodynamic Analysis
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Current Situation and Challenges in Vitreous Substitutes.

Cristina Mondelo-García1,2, Enrique Bandín-Vilar1,2, Laura García-Quintanilla1,2

  • 1Pharmacy Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain.

Macromolecular Bioscience
|May 14, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Ophthalmology utilizes various vitreous substitutes like gases and liquids for retinal surgery. Recent advancements focus on developing innovative hydrogels as promising, biocompatible alternatives for vitreous substitution.

Keywords:
biomaterialshydrogelsperfluorocarbon liquidssilicone oilsvitreous substitution

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Retinal Surgery

Background:

  • Vitreo-retinal disorders are a significant cause of treatable vision loss.
  • Vitreo-retinal surgery necessitates the use of vitreous substitutes.
  • Current substitutes have limitations, driving the need for better materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current vitreous substitutes used in ophthalmology.
  • To describe the characteristics and indications of existing substitutes.
  • To explore novel hydrogel biomaterials for vitreous substitution.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of vitreous substitutes.
  • Analysis of clinical indications for gases and liquids.
  • Examination of recent research on hydrogel development.

Main Results:

  • Current vitreous substitutes include gases (e.g., SF6) and liquids (e.g., silicone oils).
  • Each substitute has specific advantages and disadvantages influencing clinical use.
  • Hydrogels are emerging as promising biocompatible, biodegradable, and injectable alternatives.

Conclusions:

  • Developing ideal vitreous substitutes remains a key challenge in ophthalmology.
  • Hydrogels offer potential for medium and long-term internal tamponade.
  • A multidisciplinary approach is essential for advancing vitreous substitution biomaterials.