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Updated: Nov 5, 2025

Evaluation of the Cognitive Performance of Hypertensive Patients with Silent Cerebrovascular Lesions
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Social cognition and executive functioning in multiple sclerosis: A cluster-analytic approach.

Audrey Henry1,2, Séverine Lannoy3, Marie-Pierre Chaunu4

  • 1Cognition, Health and Society Lab, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, France.

Journal of Neuropsychology
|May 14, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients show varied executive and social cognition deficits. Identifying distinct profiles, like those with only executive issues or combined deficits, aids personalized rehabilitation for MS cognitive challenges.

Keywords:
cluster analysisdemyelinating diseasesexecutive functionsfacial emotion recognitionsocial cognitiontheory of mind

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is linked to social cognition deficits, impacting social interaction.
  • The interplay between executive functioning and social cognition in MS is not well understood.
  • Previous research treated MS patients homogeneously, overlooking cognitive heterogeneity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the heterogeneity of executive and social cognition skills in MS using cluster analysis.
  • To identify distinct neurocognitive profiles within the MS population.
  • To investigate the links between these profiles and sociodemographic, clinical, and cognitive variables.

Main Methods:

  • A cluster analytic approach was applied to 106 MS patients and 53 healthy controls.
  • Evaluated executive functions (e.g., working memory) and social cognition (facial emotion recognition, theory of mind).
  • Performed cluster analysis on the MS sample to find differential patterns of cognitive deficits.

Main Results:

  • Three distinct functional profiles were identified in MS patients.
  • Cluster 1: No executive or social cognition deficits.
  • Cluster 2: Deficits in facial emotion recognition and theory of mind, with lesser executive impact.
  • Cluster 3: Primarily executive functioning difficulties.

Conclusions:

  • Qualitative differences exist in executive and social cognition impairments among MS patients.
  • Identified neurocognitive profiles (e.g., executive-only, social-cognition-focused) are not linked to disease duration, disability, or fatigue.
  • Recognizing these distinct profiles can enable tailored rehabilitation strategies for individuals with MS.