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The primary cilium, made up of microtubules, acts as antennae on the cell surfaces for relaying external stimuli into the cells. These fine hair-like structures are present, generally one per cell. These are non-motile cilia in a 9+0 microtubules arrangement, where the central pair of microtubules are absent. The primary cilia arise from the basal body embedded in the cell membrane. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) carries requisite proteins from the cytoplasm to the cilium because the primary...
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Filopodia are thin, actin-rich cellular protrusions that play an important role in many fundamental cellular functions. They vary in their occurrence, length, and positioning in different cell types, suggesting their diverse roles.
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Related Experiment Video

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Analyzing the Function of Small GTPases by Microinjection of Plasmids into Polarized Epithelial Cells
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Rab34 GTPase mediates ciliary membrane formation in the intracellular ciliogenesis pathway.

Anil Kumar Ganga1, Margaret C Kennedy1, Mai E Oguchi2

  • 1Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.

Current Biology : CB
|May 14, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Rab34 is crucial for intracellular ciliogenesis, mediating ciliary vesicle formation and marking the ciliary sheath. This GTPase selectively drives the intracellular pathway, highlighting distinct molecular needs for different cilia assembly modes.

Keywords:
GTPaseRabcentrioleciliaciliary vesicleciliogenesisciliopathymembrane

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Primary cilia are vital for signal transduction; defects lead to ciliopathies.
  • Cilia form via extracellular or intracellular pathways, with the latter potentially having unique functions.
  • Mechanisms of intracellular ciliogenesis and its relation to extracellular ciliogenesis are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of Rab34 in primary cilia formation.
  • To determine if Rab34 is a selective mediator of intracellular ciliogenesis.
  • To understand the molecular requirements distinguishing different ciliogenesis pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized genetic and cell biological approaches to study Rab34 function.
  • Investigated Rab34's requirement for ciliary vesicle formation and its localization.
  • Assessed Rab34's GTP binding and turnover activity in ciliogenesis.
  • Compared Rab34's role in intracellular versus extracellular ciliogenesis in MDCK cells.

Main Results:

  • Rab34 is essential for intracellular ciliogenesis, specifically for ciliary vesicle formation at the mother centriole.
  • Rab34 marks the ciliary sheath, a structure unique to assembling intracellular cilia.
  • Rab34's GTP binding and turnover are required for ciliogenesis.
  • Rab34 is not required for the extracellular ciliogenesis pathway in MDCK cells, unlike its role in the intracellular pathway.

Conclusions:

  • Different modes of ciliogenesis possess distinct molecular requirements.
  • Rab34 is identified as a novel GTPase that selectively mediates intracellular ciliogenesis.
  • Rab34 plays a key role in the biogenesis of the ciliary membrane during intracellular ciliogenesis.