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In Vivo Quantification of Hip Arthrokinematics during Dynamic Weight-bearing Activities using Dual Fluoroscopy
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How does the cam morphology develop in athletes? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

M Pettit1, C Doran1, Y Singh2

  • 1University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Osteoarthritis and Cartilage
|May 14, 2021
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Cam morphology in male athletes often develops during skeletal immaturity, with prevalence increasing with age. This condition is linked to hip morphology and sporting activity frequency.

Keywords:
AetiologyAthleteCam morphologyDevelopmentFemoroacetabular impingementGrowth plate

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Cam morphology is more prevalent in athletes, but its developmental timeline is unclear.
  • Understanding cam morphology development is crucial for addressing athletic hip conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the developmental timing of cam morphology in athletes.
  • To identify associated proximal femoral morphologies and other contributing factors.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library.
  • PRISMA guidelines followed, with random effects meta-analysis.
  • Study quality assessed using Downs and Black criteria; evidence quality using GRADE framework.

Main Results:

  • 16 articles with 2,028 participants analyzed.
  • In males, higher alpha angle observed in athletes with closed physes.
  • Cam morphology prevalence correlated with adolescent age and lateral epiphyseal extension; dose-response with sporting frequency.

Conclusions:

  • Osseous cam morphology in most adolescent male athletes develops during skeletal immaturity.
  • Prevalence increases with age and is linked to proximal femoral epiphyseal development.