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Heart Valves

Heart Valves

The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...

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Valve-in-valve prosthesis-late morphological findings.

Patrick J H Kim¹, Natasha Richards², Christopher M S Feindel³

¹University of Toronto, Departments of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology & Departments of Pathology & Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.

Cardiovascular Pathology : the Official Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology

|May 14, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is widely used, but long-term durability data and understanding of failed valve pathology are lacking. This case report details a late explanted valve-in-valve (VIV) bioprosthesis, highlighting the need for more research.

Keywords:

bioprosthesis transcatheter aortic valve implantation valve-in valve

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Area of Science:

Cardiology
Biomedical Engineering
Pathology

Background:

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a primary treatment for severe aortic stenosis.
The valve-in-valve (VIV) procedure, used for failed bioprosthetic valves since 2007, has seen rapid adoption.
Limited long-term durability data and understanding of TAVI bioprosthesis failure exist, especially post-VIV.

Observation:

Presents a case of a 65-year-old male with a late explanted VIV bioprosthesis.
The explanted valve had undergone 10 years of service post-initial aortic valve replacement and 5 years post-VIV procedure.
Multiple morphologic findings were observed in the explanted VIV bioprosthesis.

Findings:

The explanted valve demonstrated significant degeneration after a prolonged period.
Detailed morphologic analysis revealed specific patterns of tissue breakdown.
This case provides valuable insights into the pathology of degenerated TAVI bioprostheses in a VIV context.

Implications:

Standardized morphologic data from explanted TAVI valves are crucial for understanding tissue degeneration.
Such data can aid in identifying early interventional strategies to improve patient outcomes.
Further research is essential to establish long-term TAVI and VIV bioprosthesis durability and failure mechanisms.