Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 5, 2025
06:56
Author Spotlight: Advancing Cardiac Procedure Testing Prior to Embarking on Large Animal Studies
Published on: August 25, 2023
1.3K
Valve-in-valve prosthesis-late morphological findings.
Patrick J H Kim1, Natasha Richards2, Christopher M S Feindel3
1University of Toronto, Departments of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology & Departments of Pathology & Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
Summary
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is widely used, but long-term durability data and understanding of failed valve pathology are lacking. This case report details a late explanted valve-in-valve (VIV) bioprosthesis, highlighting the need for more research.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Biomedical Engineering
- Pathology
Background:
- Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a primary treatment for severe aortic stenosis.
- The valve-in-valve (VIV) procedure, used for failed bioprosthetic valves since 2007, has seen rapid adoption.
- Limited long-term durability data and understanding of TAVI bioprosthesis failure exist, especially post-VIV.
Observation:
- Presents a case of a 65-year-old male with a late explanted VIV bioprosthesis.
- The explanted valve had undergone 10 years of service post-initial aortic valve replacement and 5 years post-VIV procedure.
- Multiple morphologic findings were observed in the explanted VIV bioprosthesis.
Findings:
- The explanted valve demonstrated significant degeneration after a prolonged period.
- Detailed morphologic analysis revealed specific patterns of tissue breakdown.
- This case provides valuable insights into the pathology of degenerated TAVI bioprostheses in a VIV context.
Implications:
- Standardized morphologic data from explanted TAVI valves are crucial for understanding tissue degeneration.
- Such data can aid in identifying early interventional strategies to improve patient outcomes.
- Further research is essential to establish long-term TAVI and VIV bioprosthesis durability and failure mechanisms.
Related Concept Videos
01:27Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction
120
IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
120
01:23Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests
64
Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
64
01:22Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction
111
Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
111
01:22Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests
150
Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
150
01:16Heart Valves
9.4K
The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
9.4K
01:22Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management
121
IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular...
121