Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

300
Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
300
Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment01:22

Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment

467
Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
467
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

277
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab...
277
Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

631
Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of...
631
Drug Therapy01:28

Drug Therapy

134
The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications
134
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors01:29

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors

49
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is the clinical practice of measuring specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to manage and optimize therapy. TDM is crucial for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, like warfarin and phenytoin, where incorrect doses can lead to treatment failure or severe side effects. This monitoring ensures the dosage administered is within a safe and effective range. The factors affecting therapeutic drug monitoring include:Patient-Specific Factors:a.
49

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Disease-modifying treatment preferences and decision-making in a multiple sclerosis randomized and observational clinical trial (DELIVER-MS).

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)·2026
Same author

Relationships between neighborhood deprivation, race, and worsening outcomes among MS patients 55 years of age and older.

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)·2026
Same author

Longitudinal modeling of upper extremity function in multiple sclerosis: Associations for clinical and sociodemographic factors.

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)·2025
Same author

Multiple sclerosis subgroups: Data-driven clusters based on patient-reported outcomes and a large clinical sample.

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)·2024
Same author

Mobility trajectories in multiple sclerosis: A comparative study of timed 25-foot walk and a patient-reported outcome measure.

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)·2024
Same author

Comparison of time to clinically meaningful improvement in quality of life in neurological disorders in patients treated with natalizumab versus ocrelizumab.

Neurodegenerative disease management·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 5, 2025

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination
09:38

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination

Published on: September 12, 2016

12.5K

Stopping disease-modifying therapy in relapsing and progressive multiple sclerosis.

Hans-Peter Hartung1,2,3, Sven G Meuth1, Deborah M Miller4

  • 1Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany.

Current Opinion in Neurology
|May 14, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Discontinuing disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered for older patients with stable disease. Research identifies factors predicting the risk of MS disease activity after stopping DMTs.

More Related Videos

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
11:35

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

Published on: June 30, 2014

58.3K
A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
10:46

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data

Published on: December 9, 2015

10.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 5, 2025

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination
09:38

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination

Published on: September 12, 2016

12.5K
The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
11:35

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

Published on: June 30, 2014

58.3K
A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
10:46

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data

Published on: December 9, 2015

10.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system.
  • Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) are crucial for managing MS progression and reducing relapses.
  • Discontinuation of DMTs is an emerging consideration in MS patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the rationale and clinical scenarios for discontinuing disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • To analyze the natural history, pathology, and immunology relevant to DMT cessation in MS.
  • To provide evidence-based guidance for the decision-making process regarding DMT discontinuation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of retrospective observational studies on DMT discontinuation in MS.
  • Analysis of prognostic factors associated with disease activity recurrence post-DMT cessation.
  • Synthesis of current evidence on risks and benefits of stopping DMTs.

Main Results:

  • Retrospective studies suggest DMT discontinuation may be considered for older MS patients with stable disease.
  • Prognostic factors have been identified that predict the risk of MS disease recurrence after stopping DMTs.
  • Recent evidence allows for a more precise risk-benefit assessment for DMT cessation.

Conclusions:

  • Clinical scenarios exist that justify the discontinuation of DMTs in individuals with MS.
  • Informed decisions regarding DMT cessation require careful consideration of individual patient factors and disease stability.
  • Further research can refine the identification of patients suitable for DMT discontinuation and predict outcomes.