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Related Concept Videos

Aging01:26

Aging

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds...
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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
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The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 5, 2025

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Functional conservation in genes and pathways linking ageing and immunity.

Daniel K Fabian1,2, Matías Fuentealba3,4, Handan Melike Dönertaş3

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Longevity and immunity are deeply intertwined, with conserved signaling pathways influencing both aging and immune function across species. Understanding these links is crucial for addressing age-related immune decline.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Immunology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Longevity and immunity appear distinct but share a complex, intertwined molecular relationship.
  • This link is observed across the animal kingdom, but its genetic underpinnings remain poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compile genes involved in both immunity and aging in humans and model organisms.
  • To identify conserved signaling pathways that pleiotropically affect aging and immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-species gene compilation (humans, C. elegans, D. melanogaster, M. musculus).
  • Analysis of human orthologs to identify conserved pathways.
  • Review of existing evidence linking identified pathways to immunity, lifespan, and immunosenescence.

Main Results:

  • Identified 7 evolutionarily conserved signaling cascades: insulin/TOR, MAPK (ERK, p38, JNK), JAK/STAT, TGF-β, and Nf-κB.
  • These pathways pleiotropically influence both aging and immunity.
  • Evidence supports their role in immunosenescence and lifespan regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Conserved signaling pathways are critical regulators of the complex interplay between aging and immunity.
  • Phenotypic effects of these pathways are context-dependent (tissue, sex, infection type).
  • Further research requires higher resolution to fully elucidate the aging-immunity connection.