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Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
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Controlled processes in human consciousness represent high-alert mental states where individuals deliberately focus their attention on achieving specific goals. Controlled processes can be seen in situations like mastering new technology, where a person might become so absorbed that they ignore surrounding distractions. Such processes involve selective attention, requiring one to concentrate on particular elements of experience while disregarding others. These are governed by executive...
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Related Experiment Video

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Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD
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Brain state-dependent dynamic functional connectivity patterns in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Yunkai Sun1, Zhihui Lan2, Shao-Wei Xue2

  • 1Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China; Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, 311121, China; College of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China; Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China.

Journal of Psychiatric Research
|May 15, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) shows altered dynamic brain networks, particularly in the cool state, impacting cingulo-opercular and sensorimotor networks. Symptom severity correlates with brain connectivity fluctuations.

Keywords:
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderDynamic functional connectivityK-meansState-dependent

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Static brain network alterations are known in ADHD.
  • Identifying ADHD through dynamic brain network information remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) states in ADHD.
  • To identify differences in dFC between ADHD patients and controls.
  • To correlate dFC changes with ADHD symptom severity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a sliding-window method to assess dFC in 32 boys with ADHD and 52 controls.
  • Applied k-means clustering to identify recurring dFC states (hot and cool).
  • Analyzed network occurrence, transition times, and dFC strength in identified states.

Main Results:

  • ADHD patients exhibited significant changes in the occurrence, transition times, and dFC strength of the cingulo-opercular network (CON) and sensorimotor network (SMN) during the cool state.
  • ADHD symptom severity correlated with regional dFC fluctuations in the vmPFC, amPFC, and precuneus.
  • Distinct dFC patterns were observed in ADHD patients compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • ADHD involves state-dependent dynamic changes in large-scale brain connectivity.
  • Dynamic network configurations, especially in the cool state, are altered in ADHD.
  • Findings offer insights into the neural underpinnings of ADHD through dynamic network analysis.