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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
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Aging01:26

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
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The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular...
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Antiaging compounds from marine organisms.

Xiaomei Wang1, Zhongshan Zhang2, Shaoyong Zhang2

  • 1Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.

Food Research International (Ottawa, Ont.)
|May 16, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Marine organisms offer promising natural anti-aging compounds. This review explores their potential in nutraceuticals and cosmetics, highlighting carbohydrates, proteins, and phenols from various marine sources.

Keywords:
Anti-photoagingAntiagingBioactive compoundMarine organismsNutraceutical functional food

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Marine organisms possess unique bioactive compounds with potential health benefits.
  • Growing interest in natural anti-aging substances drives research into marine resources.
  • Synthetic anti-aging ingredients raise concerns, increasing demand for natural alternatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss potential anti-aging substances from diverse marine organisms.
  • To elucidate the anti-aging mechanisms of marine-derived compounds.
  • To identify challenges and future research directions in marine anti-aging science.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of marine organisms and their anti-aging properties.
  • Analysis of anti-aging activities of marine carbohydrates, proteins, pigments, flavonoids, fatty acids, and phenols.
  • Evaluation of experimental models including rats, Drosophila melanogaster, and Caenorhabditis elegans.

Main Results:

  • Marine macroalgae, microalgae, invertebrates, and vertebrates are rich sources of anti-aging compounds.
  • Key compounds like carbohydrates, proteins, and phenols exhibit significant anti-aging effects.
  • Mechanisms involve various pathways investigated through in vivo and in vitro models.

Conclusions:

  • Marine-derived functional ingredients represent viable alternatives to synthetic anti-aging substances.
  • These natural compounds can enhance consumer well-being through nutraceuticals, functional foods, and cosmetics.
  • Further research is needed to fully explore the potential and optimize the application of marine anti-aging agents.