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Comprehensive Analysis of Transcription Dynamics from Brain Samples Following Behavioral Experience
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Epigenetics of addiction.

Jean Lud Cadet1, Subramaniam Jayanthi1

  • 1Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIH/NIDA Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.

Neurochemistry International
|May 16, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetic changes in the brain drive substance use disorders, impacting neurocognition. Targeting these epigenetic adaptations offers a promising therapeutic strategy for addiction treatment.

Keywords:
AcetylationAddictionCocaineDNA hydroxymethylationEpigeneticsMethamphetamineOpioids

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Substance use disorders (SUDs) are complex conditions with significant neurocognitive consequences.
  • Compulsive substance use in SUDs is linked to lasting epigenetic and transcriptional changes in brain circuits.
  • These changes involve alterations in DNA methylation/hydroxymethylation and histone modifications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review epigenetic modifications in the context of cocaine, methamphetamine, and opioid use disorders.
  • To highlight the role of epigenetics in the neurobiological underpinnings of addiction.
  • To explore the potential of epigenetic therapies for SUDs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating epigenetic changes in animal models of substance use disorders.
  • Analysis of data on post-translational histone modifications and DNA methylation/hydroxymethylation.
  • Focus on cocaine, methamphetamine, and opioid use disorders.

Main Results:

  • Repeated drug exposure induces significant epigenetic alterations in key brain regions.
  • Epigenetic changes are implicated in the development and maintenance of addiction-related behaviors.
  • Specific patterns of histone modifications and DNA methylation are observed across different substance use models.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic dysregulation is a core mechanism in substance use disorders.
  • Epigenetic modifications provide potential targets for novel therapeutic interventions.
  • Development of epigenetic drugs holds promise for treating addiction and mitigating neurocognitive deficits.