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Related Concept Videos

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

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The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
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Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
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RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
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The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
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Stem Cell-Derived Viral Ag-Specific T Lymphocytes Suppress HBV Replication in Mice
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Innate immunity and HBV persistence.

Carolina Chiale1, Anthony M Marchese1, Michael D Robek1

  • 1Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA.

Current Opinion in Virology
|May 16, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronic infections involve immune dysfunction. Understanding HBV

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Hepatology

Background:

  • Chronic Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is linked to significant immune dysfunction.
  • While T cell impairment is a known factor in viral persistence, the innate immune system's role is also critical.
  • A deficient innate immune response can lead to functional consequences that promote chronic HBV infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the complex interactions between Hepatitis B virus and the innate immune system.
  • To identify potential immunotherapeutic targets for managing chronic HBV infection.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on HBV immunology and innate immunity.
  • Analysis of the impact of innate immunity on adaptive immune responses in HBV infection.

Main Results:

  • The innate immune system plays a crucial role in controlling viral infections, including HBV.
  • Innate immunity influences T cell responses and other adaptive mechanisms essential for HBV clearance.
  • Dysfunctional innate immunity contributes to the persistence of HBV infection.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the interplay between HBV and innate immunity is vital for developing effective treatments.
  • Targeting these interactions presents a promising avenue for immunotherapeutic strategies against chronic HBV.