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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 5, 2025

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior
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Two scene navigation systems dissociated by deliberate versus automatic processing.

Shosuke Suzuki1, Frederik S Kamps2, Daniel D Dilks1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.

Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior
|May 16, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Navigation involves both local and broad environments. The retrosplenial complex (RSC) supports deliberate broad navigation, while the occipital place area (OPA) supports automatic local navigation, as shown by fMRI maze studies.

Keywords:
NavigationOccipital place areaRetrosplenial complexScene perceptionfMRI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Spatial Navigation

Background:

  • Human navigation relies on processing both local visual cues and broader spatial environments.
  • Neuroimaging suggests distinct brain regions, the occipital place area (OPA) and retrosplenial complex (RSC), support these two types of navigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if OPA and RSC are differentiated by the automaticity of the navigation processes they support.
  • To test the hypothesis that local navigation (OPA) is automatic and broad navigation (RSC) is deliberate.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used with a maze-navigation paradigm.
  • Participants navigated simple and complex mazes under active (deliberate) and passive (automatic) conditions.

Main Results:

  • The RSC showed greater activation for complex mazes during active navigation, supporting its role in deliberate broad-environment navigation.
  • The OPA showed strong activation during passive navigation and did not differentiate between active and passive conditions, supporting its role in automatic local-environment navigation.

Conclusions:

  • Findings suggest that navigation through the broader spatial environment is a deliberate process mediated by the RSC.
  • Navigation through the local visual environment is an automatic process mediated by the OPA.
  • This highlights dissociable functions of OPA and RSC in human spatial navigation.