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Related Concept Videos

Errors and Mistakes in Surveying01:19

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Errors and mistakes in surveying refer to inaccuracies in measurements and data recording. The errors are deviations from the actual value caused by human sensory limitations, equipment flaws, or environmental effects. These errors are typically unintentional and can result from the inherent imperfections in the instruments used, atmospheric conditions, or the observer’s inability to perceive exact measurements. On the other hand, mistakes are caused by the surveyor's lack of...
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A survey team is tasked with determining the elevation difference between points Point A and Point B, separated by uneven terrain. They use a leveling instrument and a leveling rod.Common MistakesMisreading the Rod: During a backsight reading at Point A, the instrumentman observes the rod partially obscured by tall grass. Instead of reading 1.135 m, they mistakenly record 1.735 m due to the misalignment of the crosshair with the wrong graduation. This error adds 0.600 m to all subsequent...
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Types of Errors: Detection and Minimization01:12

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Error is the deviation of the obtained result from the true, expected value or the estimated central value. Errors are expressed in absolute or relative terms.
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Scientists always try their best to record measurements with the utmost accuracy and precision. However, sometimes errors do occur. These errors can be random or systematic. Random errors are observed due to the inconsistency or fluctuation in the measurement process, or variations in the quantity itself that is being measured. Such errors fluctuate from being greater than or less than the true value in repeated measurements. Consider a scientist measuring the length of an earthworm using a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 5, 2025

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Mistakes Are Common; Should We Worry about Them?

Wendy P Robinson1, Giulia F Del Gobbo1

  • 1British Columbia (BC) Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 W 28th Ave., Vancouver V5Z 4H4, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, 4500 Oak St., Vancouver V6H 3N1, Canada.

Trends in Molecular Medicine
|May 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Early human development mutations are common, often limited to the placenta. Studying these placental mutations offers insights into healthy placental development and its links to cancer biology.

Keywords:
confined placental mosaicismmosaicismmutationplacentatrophoblast

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Mutations occurring early in human development are frequent.
  • These early-onset mutations are typically restricted to placental tissues.
  • Understanding these mutations is key to deciphering normal placental development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the commonality and tissue specificity of early developmental mutations.
  • To explore how placental mutations inform our understanding of normal development.
  • To identify shared biological features between placental development and cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of mutation patterns in early human development.
  • Comparative genomics of placental and embryonic tissues.
  • Investigating molecular pathways involved in placental development.

Main Results:

  • Early developmental mutations are surprisingly common.
  • Most of these mutations are confined to the placenta.
  • Shared biological features exist between placental development and cancer.

Conclusions:

  • Placental mutations serve as valuable indicators of normal developmental processes.
  • Insights from placental mutations can illuminate cancer biology.
  • Further research into early developmental mutations can advance both developmental and cancer research.